Iqhwa ezintanjeni zikagesi lingadala umonakalo, lishiye abantu bengenakushisa nogesi amasonto amaningi.Ezikhumulweni zezindiza, izindiza zingabhekana nokubambezeleka okungapheli ngesikhathi zisalinde ukufakwa uqhwishi ngezincibilikisi zamakhemikhali ezinobuthi.
Nokho, manje, abacwaningi baseCanada bathole ikhambi lenkinga yabo yeqhwa ebusika emthonjeni ongalindelekile: ama-gentoo penguin.
Ocwaningweni olushicilelwe kuleli sonto, ososayensi baseMcGill University eMontreal bembule ucingoImeshiisakhiwo esingasonga ngezintambo zikagesi, ohlangothini lwesikebhe noma ngisho nendiza futhi sivimbele iqhwa ukuthi linganamathela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali.phezulu.
Ososayensi baye bathola ugqozi emaphikweni ama- gentoo penguin, abhukuda emanzini aneqhwa eduze ne-Antarctica, okubavumela ukuba bangahlali ngaphandle kweqhwa ngisho noma amazinga okushisa angaphandle engaphansi kakhulu kwezingaqhwa.
"Izilwane ... zixhumana nemvelo ngendlela efana neZen," kusho u-Ann Kitzig, umcwaningi oholayo wocwaningo, engxoxweni."Kungaba yinto okufanele uyibuke futhi uyiphindaphinde."
Njengoba nje ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kwenza iziphepho zasebusika zibe namandla kakhulu, kanjalo neziphepho zeqhwa.Iqhwa neqhwa kwaphazamisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke eTexas ngonyaka odlule, kwavala igridi yamandla, kwashiya izigidi zingenakho ukushisa, ukudla namanzi izinsuku eziningi futhi zabulala amakhulu.
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi, izikhulu zedolobha nabaholi bezimboni bezama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphepho zeqhwa aziphazamisi ezokuthutha zasebusika.Anamaphakheji okukhipha izintambo zeqhwa, izinjini zomoya, namaphiko endiza, noma athembele kumakhemikhali ancibilikayo ukuze asuse iqhwa ngokushesha.
Kodwa ochwepheshe be-de-icing bathi lokhu kulungiswa kushiya okuningi okufanele ukwenze.Isikhathi seshelufu sezinto zokupakisha sifushane.Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kudla isikhathi futhi kuyingozi emvelweni.
UKitziger, ucwaningo lwakhe olugxile ekusebenziseni imvelo ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zomuntu, usechithe iminyaka ezama ukuthola izindlela ezingcono zokuphatha iqhwa.Ekuqaleni, wayecabanga ukuthi iqabunga le-lotus lingase libe yikhandidethi ngenxa yokukhipha amanzi emvelo kanye nekhono lokuzihlanza.Kodwa ososayensi babona ukuthi ngeke isebenze ezimeni zemvula enamandla, kusho yena.
Ngemva kwalokho, u-Kitzger nethimba lakhe bavakashela i-zoo e-Montreal, lapho ama-gentoo penguin ehlala khona.Zakhangwa izimpaphe zepenguin futhi zafunda umklamo ndawonye.
Bathola ukuthi izimpaphe zivimba iqhwa ngokwemvelo.UMichael Wood, umcwaningi wephrojekthi noKitzger, uthe ukuhleleka kwalezi zimpaphe kuzivumela ukuthi zicime amanzi ngokwemvelo, futhi izindawo zazo ezingokwemvelo ezimise okwemvelo zinciphisa ukunamathela kweqhwa.
Abacwaningi baphindaphinda lo mklamo besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-laser ukuze bakhe ucingo olulukiweImeshi.Babe sebehlola ukunamathela kwe-mesh eqhweni emhubheni womoya futhi bathola ukuthi imelana nokuqhwaza ngamaphesenti angu-95 kunendawo evamile yensimbi engenasici.Izincibilikisi zamakhemikhali nazo azidingeki, zengeza.
I-mesh ingaphinde ifakwe emaphikweni endiza, kusho u-Kitziger, kodwa izinkinga zemithetho yezokuphepha emoyeni zizokwenza izinguquko zomklamo zibe nzima ukuzisebenzisa noma nini maduze.
“Ingxenye ethakazelisa kakhulu yalesi sixazululo se-anti-icing ukuthi wucingoImeshilokho kuyenza iqine,” kusho uKevin Golovin, umsizi kaprofesa wobunjiniyela bemishini eNyuvesi yaseToronto.
Ezinye izixazululo, njengerabha engazweli eqhweni noma izindawo eziphefumulelwe ngamaqabunga e-lotus, azihlali.
"Basebenza kahle kakhulu elebhu," kusho uGolovin, obengahlanganyeli kulolu cwaningo, "futhi basakaza kabi ngaphandle."