Phakathi neGreat Ice Storm yango-1998, ukunqwabelana kweqhwa ezintanjeni zikagesi nasezigxotsheni kwamisa inyakatho ye-United States naseningizimu yeCanada, kwashiya abantu abaningi bebanda futhi bemnyama izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto.Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinjini zomoya, imibhoshongo kagesi, ama-drones noma izimpiko zendiza, ukususa iqhwa kuvame ukuncika ezindleleni ezidla isikhathi, ezibizayo kanye/noma ezisebenzisa amandla amaningi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali.Kodwa uma sibheka imvelo, abacwaningi bakaMcGill bacabanga ukuthi bathole indlela entsha ethembisayo yokuxazulula inkinga.Agqugquzelwa amaphiko ama-gentoo penguin abhukuda emanzini aneqhwa e-Antarctica, futhi uboya bawo abubi qhwa ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa elingaphandle lingaphansi kwezingaqhwa.
Siqale saphenya izici zamaqabunga e-lotus, anekhono kakhulu ekukhipheni amanzi, kodwa kwatholakala ukuthi awasebenzi kahle ekususeni iqhwa,” kusho u-Ann Kitzig, osekuphele cishe iminyaka eyishumi efuna izixazululo futhi ongumsizi kaprofesa. .UDokotela Wobunjiniyela Bamakhemikhali eNyuvesi yaseMcGill, Umqondisi Welabhorethri Yezobunjiniyela Bendawo Yezinto Eziphilayo: “Kwaze kwaba yilapho siqala ukuphenya izici zezimpaphe zephengwini lapho sathola khona into engokwemvelo echitha amanzi kanye neqhwa ngasikhathi sinye.”
Iisithombekwesokunxele kukhombisa i-microstructure yophaphe lwepenguin (ukuvala okufakiwe kwe-micron eyi-10 kuhambisana no-1/10 wobubanzi boboya bomuntu ukunikeza umuzwa wesikali).Lama-barbs namagatsha yiziqu ezimaphakathi zezimpaphe ezinamagatsha..“Amahhuku” asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinwele zophaphe ngazinye ukuze zakhe umcamelo.Ngakwesokudla yindwangu yensimbi engagqwali abacwaningi abayihlobise ngama-nanogrooves, ekhiqiza kabusha ukulandelana kwezakhiwo zezimpaphe zephengwini (intambo enama-nanogrooves phezulu).
“Sithole ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwezigaba zezimpaphe ngokwazo kunikeza izindawo zokukhulula amanzi, futhi indawo yazo eyisiyingi inciphisa ukunamathela kweqhwa,” kuchaza uMichael Wood, umfundi osanda kuthola iziqu osebenza noKitzig kanye nomunye wababhali ababambisene nalolu cwaningo.Isihloko esisha ku-ACS Applied Material Interfaces."Sikwazile ukuphinda le miphumela ehlanganisiwe nge-laser-cut weven wire mesh."
UKitzig wanezela: “Kungase kubonakale kuphambene, kodwa isihluthulelo sokuhlukanisa iqhwa yizo zonke izimbotshana ezisenetheni ezimunca amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo.Amanzi akulezo zimbotshana agcina eba yiqhwa, futhi njengoba ekhula, adaleka imifantu, njengoba ubungaba sefrijini.Kuyafana nokubonwa ethreyini ye-ice cube.Sidinga umzamo omncane kakhulu wokususa iqhwa emakhaleni ethu ngoba imifantu ngayinye yalezi zimbobo ivame ukuzulazula ngaphezu kwalezi zintambo ezilukiwe.”
Abacwaningi bahlole indawo efakwe i-stencil emhubheni womoya futhi bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa bekungcono ngo-95% ekumelaneni noqweqwe lwamashidi ensimbi engagqwali angagoqwe.Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okudingekayo, indlela entsha inikeza isixazululo esingase sibe khona sokunakekelwa enkingeni yokwakheka kweqhwa kuma-wind turbines, imibhoshongo, izintambo zikagesi nama-drones.
“Uma kubhekwa inani lemithetho yezokuthutha kwabagibeli kanye nezingozi ezihambisana nazo, mancane amathuba okuthi amaphiko endiza aboshwe nje ngensimbi,” kwengeza uKitzig.“Nokho, kungenzeka ukuthi ngolunye usuku ingaphezulu lephiko lendiza lingase libe nendlela esiyifundayo, futhi njengoba izindlela ezivamile zokususa uqhwa zisebenza ndawonye phezu kwephiko, ukuqaqa kuyokwenzeka ngokuhlanganisa amaphiko epenguin.egqugquzelwe ukuthungwa kwendawo.”
"Izindawo ezinokwethenjelwa eziphikisana ne-icing ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni okumbaxambili - i-microstructure-induced ice flaking with nanostructure-enhanced repellency water overlay", Michael J. Wood, Gregory Brock, Juliette Debre, Philippe Servio kanye no-Anne-Marie Kitzig ku-ACS Appl.i-alma mater.interface
IMcGill University, eyasungulwa ngo-1821 eMontreal, eQuebec, iyunivesithi yokuqala eCanada.I-McGill University ihlezi ibalwa phakathi kwamanyuvesi aphezulu kuzwelonke nakwamanye amazwe.Kuyisikhungo esidume umhlaba wonke semfundo ephakeme esinemisebenzi yocwaningo ehlanganisa amakhampasi amathathu, i-11amakolishi, amakolishi ochwepheshe ayi-13, izinhlelo zokufunda ezingama-300 nabafundi abangaphezu kuka-40,000, okuhlanganisa nabafundi abangaphezu kuka-10,200 abaneziqu.IMcGill iheha abafundi abavela emazweni angaphezu kwe-150, kanti abafundi bayo abangama-12,800 bamazwe aphesheya benza ama-31% enhlangano yabafundi.Bangaphezu kwengxenye yabafundi baseMcGill abathi ulimi lwabo lokuqala akusona isiNgisi, futhi cishe u-19% wabo ukhuluma isiFulentshi njengolimi lwabo lokuqala.