Phakathi neGreat Ice Storm yango-1998, iqhwa labanda ezintanjeni zikagesi nasezigxotsheni, lakhubaza inyakatho ye-United States naseningizimu yeCanada, lashiya abaningi emakhazeni nasebumnyameni izinsuku eziningi ngisho namasonto.Noma ngabe izinjini zomoya, imibhoshongo yamandla, ama-drones noma amaphiko endiza, ukulwa nokunqwabelana kweqhwa kuvame ukuncika ezindleleni ezidla isikhathi, ezibizayo kanye/noma ezisebenzisa amandla amakhulu kanye namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.Kodwa uma sibheka imvelo, abacwaningi bakaMcGill bacabanga ukuthi bathole indlela entsha ethembisayo yokuxazulula inkinga.Bagqugquzelwa amaphiko ama-gentoo penguin, ophengwini ababhukuda emanzini aneqhwa esifundeni sase-Antarctic, uboya bawo obungabandi ngisho nalapho izinga lokushisa elingaphandle lingaphansi kwezingaqhwa.
Siqale saphenya izakhiwo zamaqabunga e-lotus, angcono kakhulu emanzini okuxubha, kodwa kwavela ukuthi awasebenzi kahle emanzini okugcoba.kusho u-Ann Kitzig, umsizi kaprofesa wobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali eNyuvesi yaseMcGill kanye nomqondisi we-Biomimetic Surface Engineering Lab, osekuyiminyaka engaba yishumi efuna isisombululo, into engasusa amanzi neqhwa.“
Isithombe esingakwesokunxele sibonisa ukwakheka kwe-microscopic yophaphe lwepenguin (i-10-micron close up of the insert ilingana no-1/10 ububanzi bezinwele zomuntu, ukunikeza umbono wesilinganiso).kusuka ezimpapheni ezinamagatsha.“Amahhuku” asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinwele zophaphe ngazinye ukuze zakhe omata.Ngakwesokudla kunocingo lwensimbi engagqwaliindwanguukuthi abacwaningi bahlobise ngama-nanogrooves, okuphindaphinda ukulandelana kwesakhiwo sezimpaphe zepenguin (ucingo lwensimbi olunama-nanogrooves phezulu).
"Sithole ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwezimpaphe ngokwazo kunikeza izindawo zokudonsa amanzi, futhi izindawo zazo ezizinzile zinciphisa ukunamathela kweqhwa," kuchaza uMichael Wood, umfundi osanda kuthola iziqu osebenza noKitziger, ongomunye wababhali ababambisene nalolu cwaningo.Ababhali bashicilele i-athikili entsha ku-ACS Applied Material Interfaces."Sikwazile ukuphinda le miphumela ehlanganisiwe nge-laser-cut wire mesh."
UKitzig wanezela: “Kungase kubonakale kuphambene, kodwa isihluthulelo sokuncibilika kweqhwa ukuthi zonke izimbotshana ezisenetheni zimunca amanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo.Amanzi akulezi zimbotshana awokugcina ukuba yiqhwa, futhi njengoba enwebeka, adaleka imifantu efana nalokhu okubona emathileyi e-ice cube esiqandisini.Sidinga umzamo omncane kakhulu wokususa iqhwa kugridi, ngoba imifantu yembobo ngayinye izungeza kalula phezu kwalezi zintambo ezilukiwe.
Abacwaningi benza izivivinyo zomhubhe womoya ezindaweni ezifakwe i-stencil futhi bathola ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakuphumelela ngamaphesenti angu-95 ekuvimbeleni uqweqwe lukashukela kunamaphaneli ensimbi engagqwali ecwebeziwe.Njengoba kungekho ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali okudingekile, indlela entsha inikeza isixazululo esingase sibe khona sokulungisa inkinga yokwakheka kweqhwa kuma-wind turbines, izigxobo zikagesi, izintambo zikagesi nama-drones.
“Uma kubhekwa inani lemithetho yezokushayela abagibeli kanye nobungozi obuhambisana nakho, mancane amathuba okuthi uphiko lwendiza luvele luboshwe ngensimbi.Imeshi,” kwengeza uKitzig.“Nokho, ngolunye usuku ingaphezulu lephiko lendiza lingase libe nendlela esiyifundayo, futhi ukuhlukanisa kuyokwenzeka ngenhlanganisela yezindlela ezivamile zokususa uqweqwe olusebenza ndawonye ophikweni.Indawo engaphezulu ihlanganisa ukwakheka okugqugquzelwe ngamaphiko epenguin..ukuthungwa kwendawo.”
"Izindawo ezinokwethenjelwa eziphikisana ne-icing ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni okubili - ukuqhuma kweqhwa okubangelwa i-microstructure kanye ne-drainage ethuthukisiwe yi-nanostructure", nguMichael J. Wood, uGregory Brock, uJuliette Debret, u-Philippe Servio no-Anne-Marie Kitzig, eshicilelwe ku-ACS Appl.matt.interface
Yasungulwa eMontreal, eQuebec ngo-1821, iMcGill University iyunivesithi yokuqala yezokwelapha yaseCanada.IMcGill ihlale ibalwa phakathi kwamanyuvesi aphambili ezweni nasemhlabeni.Kuyisikhungo “esidume umhlaba wonke” semfundo ephakeme esinemisebenzi yocwaningo kuwo wonke amakhampasi amathathu, iminyango eyi-11, izikole zobungcweti eziyi-13, izinhlelo zokufunda ezingama-300 kanye nabafundi abangaphezu kuka-40,000, okuhlanganisa nabafundi abangaphezu kwe-10,200 abaneziqu.IMcGill iheha abafundi abavela emazweni angaphezu kwe-150, kanti abafundi bayo abangama-12,800 bamazwe aphesheya benza ama-31% enhlangano yabafundi bayo.Bangaphezu kwengxenye yabafundi bakwaMcGill abakhuluma ulimi lwebele ngaphandle kwesiNgisi, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-19 alaba bafundi abheka isiFulentshi njengolimi lwabo lokuqala.