Ucu lwamapayipi ensimbi axhumene luqhuma lusuka ophahleni, luwele phansi, lugxumele phezulu nangaphandle, futhi luhlale lulenga, njengokungathi lubhalwe ngentshiseko emoyeni ngesandla esikhulu.Lokhu okubizwa nge-“Chorro”, noma ukugeleza, empeleni kuwulimi lweciko laseJalimane-Venezuela elangaziwa uGego (1912-1994), elasungulwa ngokuzimisela.insimbiulimi.
I-Gego iyisihloko se-retrospective enkulu yokuvakasha, i-Gego: Dimension of Infinity, ezoboniswa e-Museo Jumex e-Mexico City kuze kube ngu-February 2023. Lo mbukiso uzoqhubeka ngo-March e-Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum eNew York futhi uphele. eGuggenheim Museum eBilbao.Ngaleso sikhathi, igalari ye-LGDR e-Paris isanda kwethula inhlolovo yamaciko ebizwa ngokuthi Imigqa Esikhaleni.
UGego wafundela ezokwakha eJalimane.UGego wazalelwa emndenini wamaJuda ocebile, ocebile eHamburg.Uqale ukwenza ubuciko eneminyaka engama-41, egqugquzelwe umlingani wakhe, umdwebi wezithombe nomdwebi uGerd Leifert.Naphezu kokuwuqala sekwephuzile umsebenzi wakhe, ngokushesha wenza umsebenzi wobuciko odumile nonethonya ezweni alamukela eVenezuela, lapho uGego athola khona isiphephelo ngemva kokubalekela umbuso wamaNazi ngo-1939.
Egqugquzelwe ubuciko besinema bendawo kanye ne-geometric abstraction, ubambe i-retrospective ngo-1977 e-Sofia Imber, i-Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art.Imisebenzi yakhe yomphakathi isabonakala kuyo yonke iCaracas futhi uye wafundisa eCentral University yaseVenezuela naseNeumann Foundation School of Design.
Ukufakwa kwe-Chorros e-Barquisimeto Museum, ngo-1985. Ngokuzithoba kwe-LGDR, isithombe sikaTony Russell.
"Umsebenzi wethu awukona nje ukuthengisa, kodwa ukwandisa izethameli nolwazi lwe-Gego," kusho u-Emilio Steinberger, umlingani ophezulu we-LGDR, ophethe umbukiso waseParis nomsunguli wegalari u-Dominique Levy.Lona ngumbukiso wesithathu womsebenzi ka-Gego kusukela i-LGDR ibe igalari yokuqala yezohwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ukusebenzelana nefa lakhe ngo-2015.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi kwakuwukujwayelana nemisebenzi kaGego.“Kuwumsebenzi osankondlo, omuhle kakhulu ongaziswa ekuphileni kwangempela,” kunezela uSteinberger."Isithombe esinjalo se-ephemeral wire asikho [kunetha]."
U-Gego waziwa ngobuciko bakhe obuhlotshaniswa “nokungafihli lutho”, enqaba ukumbiza ngezithombe eziqoshiwe azidalile, akholelwa ukuthi azinakonakala uma ziqhathaniswa.“Izimo ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu zezinto eziqinile.Ngeke neze ngenzani!”wabhala.
Kulokhu, uhlola intambo ngokudlalayo njengenhlangano “ezimele”, ethuthukiswe kuyeezokwakhakanye nesizinda sobunjiniyela e-Stuttgart Institute of Technology, lapho aba ngomunye wabokugcina "Ebusuku Bengilazi Ephukile" noma "Ubusuku Bamakristalu".Umbukiso e-Kunstmuseum Stuttgart ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka wawugxile emthelela isizinda sakhe sobuchwepheshe esibe nawo olimini lwakhe oluyingqayizivele olubonwayo.
“Ngafundiswa njengomdwebi wamapulani ukudweba imigqa enencazelo ecacile echaza isimo noma indawo, njengezimpawu zokulinganiselwa ezingalokothi zibe nokuphila okungokwazo.Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngathola ubuhle bemigqa ngokwayo, ”kubhala yena."Kwesinye isikhathi umugqa ophakathi nendawo ubaluleke kakhulu njengomugqa uqobo."
U-Gego esebenza ekufakweni kwe-Chorros e-Barquisimeto Museum, ngo-1985. Ngokuzithoba kwe-LGDR, isithombe sika-Tony Russell.
Okunye okuvelele embukisweni waseParis kwakuyi-“Chorro” ekhululekile uGego aqala ukuyikhiqiza ngo-1979, okungenye yezinhlobo zayo ezinkulu ezingaba ngu-15.Kulapho angeza khona amafomu akhe okuqamba “Reticulárea” (okusho “izindawo zenethiwekhi”), ahlanganisa izakhiwo ezinezikhala ezingunxantathu ezakhiwe izintambo ezincanyana noma izinti ezincane kumanethi alukiwe ezinhlobonhlobo zejometri."Izindawo zegridi" zingavuleka futhi zigcwalise igumbi njengamaqoqo ezinkanyezi azenzakalelayo, noma ziwe phansi njenge-tapestry.Awejwayelekile, aphilayo, antekenteke futhi angamandla ensimbi anyakazayo emkhathini.Ngokungafani namanethiwekhi, awanazo isikhungo sangempela, isiqalo, isiphetho, noma incazelo ecacile.
Sibonga ngokwengxenye ukuthi, njengoba ekubeka, umsebenzi wakhe “osekelwe kokwenziwayo” kanye “nokudala ukuzijabulisa,” uGego uvame ukubalekela izigaba zobuciko namathrendi.Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950 kuya ko-1980, yayiphambana nokunyakaza okwakukhokhisa indawo yobuciko yaseNingizimu Melika kodwa yeqa.Lokhu kufaka phakathi ubuciko be-kinetic, obuhlanganisa abangani bakhe okuhlanganisa u-Jesús Rafael Soto no-Carlos Cruz-Diez, kanye ne-geometric abstraction ka-Alejandro Otero, kanye nokunyakaza kobuciko obukhonkolo besifunda.
“Ngesinye isikhathi wayecasuka kakhulu futhi angaba noma yini,” kukhumbula umzukulu wakhe u-Esther Crespin Gunz lapho kuvulwa i-LGDR, eyayibonakala kalula ngenxa yokufana komkhaya.Umuntu oyisandulela, u-Gego akavamile ukuxoxa ngobuciko bakhe nomndeni wakhe futhi ngokuvamile ukhetha ukusebenza ngokuzimela, nakuba ucwaningo olusha oluvela e-Stuttgart Museum of Art lubonisa ukuthi usebenzisane nabanye abaculi, okuhlanganisa umdansi waseVenezuela kanye nomdidiyeli wezingoma uSonya Sonoha.
“Ngesikhathi ethola i-stainlessinsimbingocingo, ubekwazi ukuzisebenzela futhi ezenzakalela futhi eqondile kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni ngoba ubengamdingi omunye umuntu ukuthi abone ukuthi wenzani,” kusho uCrespin ongumdwebi wezakhiwo nongomunye wabasunguli.i-Fondación Gego eCaracas, eyakhiwe ngemva kokushona komdwebi.(Omunye umzukulu kwakungumpendi u-Elias Crespin.) Ngokuphambene, imisebenzi emikhulu yomphakathi kanye nemidwebo yasendulo yemigqa ehambisanayo eyayenziwe ngezinsimbi ezinzima kakhulu kwakudinga usizo lwezingcweti eziqeqeshiwe.
U-Gego usebenza yedwa noma uqasha umfundi ukuthi asize ngemisebenzi emikhulu ye-3D, kodwa imidwebo yakhe eminingi kanye nemibala yamanzi ephepheni yenziwa esitudiyo esingasodwana, indodana kaGego uThomas Gunz itshele i-Artnet News ngocingo no-Say.Eminingi yale misebenzi ifakiwe emibukisweni yaseParis nasezindaweni zasemuva ezihamba phambili.Eminye imisebenzi eboniswayo ihlanganisa i-“Dibujo sin papel” yakhe ebabazekayo [umdwebo ngaphandle kwephepha], ama-mesh sphere nezinye izinhlobo, izincwadi, ama-prints, ama-“Bichos” (izilwane ezincane noma amabhungane), umsebenzi womugqa ofanayo, kanye ne-“Tejeduras” yakhe yakamuva. ).).
Nakuba uGuntz ayazi ngomsebenzi kanina okhuthele futhi odumile eVenezuela, uthi “saqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe ngemva kokushona kwakhe, lapho iMuseum of Fine Arts eHouston yenza umbukiso wayo wokuqala wamazwe ngamazwe eyedwa [ngo-2002] .
“Naphezu kwemizamo yezazi ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe nabaphathi kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule ukuze bathole indawo kaGego ohlwini lwezincwadi zesimanjemanje, usengumuntu ongaqondakali e-United States,” kusho uPablo Leon, umnakekeli wesiLatin de la Barra.wabhala.I-American Art at the Guggenheim Museum e-New York, kanye nozakwethu u-Janine Gutiérrez-Guimaraes, ku-imeyili eya ku-Artnet News.Bobabili basize ekuthuthukiseni i-retrospective yamanje, ehlose ukukhuthaza “ukuqonda okwengeziwe nokwazisa umsebenzi [kaGego] kumongo wesimanjemanje wekhulu lama-20.”amarempu ku-rotunda agqamisa izingxoxo zika-Gego nabanye abadali kanye nomphakathi.
Iphrofayili ka-Gego yaphakama ngempela ngokubuka amazwe omhlaba embukisweni we-MFA ka-2002 e-Houston, owawuhlelwe yi-Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas, futhi esinye isinyathelo esikhulu kwaba umbukiso wokuqala omkhulu ngo-2013 e-Kunsthalle Kunsthalle e-Hamburg, eJalimane.Iyaqhubeka e-Art Museum e-Stuttgart kanye nase-Henry Moore Institute e-Leeds, e-UK.
Umbukiso e-Hamburg “Gego.Ulayini njengento ethile “sekuyisiqalo sombono womsebenzi wakhe eYurophu, futhi kwabaningi uvule amehlo,” kusho uBrigitte Kölle, umnakekeli ohlanganyela walo mbukiso, “kodwa kusekuningi okusamele kwenziwe. ”
Ngaleso sikhathi, imnyuziyamu yayinombukiso ofanayo womdwebi u-Eva Hesse, naye owabaleka eHamburg ngesitimela sezingane esithwele izingane ezingamaJuda.
UKelle uthe akacabangi ukuthi ubuJuda bukaGego bube nesandla ekufikeni kwakhe sekwephuzile eJalimane, ephawula ukuthi kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, abacwaningi bebelokhu befuna ulwazi olumayelana namaciko angamaJuda angamaJalimane ababaleki eMpini Yezwe II.Nokho, “kukhona nezinga elithile lehlazo,” kusho yena.Lo mbukiso ka-2013 wawunoqwembe lokukhumbula uGego, olwafakwa isikhulu sedolobha emzini wakhe wangaphambili.
U-Gego esebenza ekufakweni kwe-Chorros e-Barquisimeto Museum, ngo-1985. Ngokuzithoba kwe-LGDR, isithombe sika-Tony Russell.
Umndeni wakwaGoldschmidt ubulokhu uphethe ibhange i-J. Goldschmidt Sohn kusukela ngo-1815. U-Gego, ongowesithupha ezinganeni eziyisikhombisa, waba ngowokugcina ukushiya indlu yomndeni e-Hamburg.Enquma ukulinda aze athole iziqu zokuba umdwebi wamapulani, wanikela ngefenisha yendlu enhlanganweni yosizo ngomzuzu wokugcina, wahluthulela umnyango wangaphambili, wabe esephonsa ukhiye eMfuleni i-Ulster.
“Uma ngibheka emuva, bekuyingozi [ukuhlala isikhathi eside kangako].Bekuyingozi efanayo naseVenezuela, ngingazi nokuthi ikuphi ebalazweni,” kusho uGunz."Kufanele kube nomuntu wokugcina."
UGego wavunyelwa ukungena eVenezuela esuka e-UK, lapho umndeni wakhe wathola khona indawo yokukhosela yesikhashana.EVenezuela, njengowesifazane futhi engowakwelinye izwe, wathwala kanzima ukuze athole umsebenzi wokwakha futhi washada no-Ernst Gunz ngo-1940. Ndawonye bavula isitudiyo sokuklama ifenisha yokhuni.Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezimbili, uThomas noBarbara.Ngo-1951 bahlukana futhi uGego wahlangana nomlingani wakhe wempilo uGerd Leifert.
Ukutholwa kukaGego sekwephuzile eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu kungenxa yokuthi wayengumculi waseLatin America okwathi, ngokungafani nabanye ontanga yakhe abaziwayo endaweni yaseVenezuela yangemva kwesimanje, wakhetha ukuhlala eCaracas kunokuba akhokhe ngaphezulu.isikhathi ezihlokweni zobuciko ezifana neParis noma eNew York.Ukungamelwe yigalari enkulu yezohwebo kungenye indaba.
I-LGDR igcine umsebenzi kaGego ezikhungweni ezifana ne-San Francisco Museum of Modern Art kanye ne-Guggenheim Museum e-Abu Dhabi, futhi ithi ikhiqize isithakazelo kumamyuziyamu amaningi, ikakhulukazi njengoba umdwebi enemisebenzi embalwa emikhulu okufanele ayithengise.Amanani e-etchings asukela ku-$20,000, asebenza ephepheni ama-$50,000 kuya ku-$100,000, kanti inqwaba isebenza u-$250,000.I-Chorro ekhululekile engavamile ithengiswe ngaphezudlwana kuka-$1.5 wezigidi.
UGego wahlala isikhathi esifushane eMelika.Eminyakeni yama-60s wasebenza ePratt Institute eNew York, wabe esefundela ubufundisi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley futhi waqopha esitudiyo seTamarind lithographic eLos Angeles.Ngo-1965, iMuseum of Modern Art eNew York yakhangisa futhi yamthengela igridi ye-Esfera (Spheres), kwathi ngo-1971 yabonisa uchungechunge lwayo lwe-Los Chorros embukisweni eyedwa eBetty Parsons Gallery eNew York.
"Ukube wahlala isikhathi eside, njengabanye abaculi baseLatin America abathuthela e-US, ngabe uthole ukuqashelwa okwengeziwe," kusho indodana yakhe.Kodwa kwakungeyona inhloso yakhe ngaleso sikhathi.I-Venezuela yayiphila [ngokuphathelene] nempilo yobuciko kangangokuthi yayicabanga ukuthi iyenzeka lapho. "Wengeze wathi: “Ubengafuni ukuduma.”
Lokhu kungase kube yiqiniso, kodwa umzukulu kaGego u-Esther naye uyazibuza ukuthi ingabe umhlaba udinga isikhathi esengeziwe ukuze uhlangane noGego.“Mhlawumbe besingakakulungeli ukufunda ngomsebenzi wakhe kuze kube manje,” kusho yena.
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