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kubikwe nge-electrochemical stratification ye-boron engaphenduki ibe ama-boron anengqimba encane.Lo mphumela oyingqayizivele ufinyelelwa ngokuhlanganisa i-boron eyinqwaba enetheni lensimbi eyenza ukuqhutshwa kukagesi futhi ivule isikhala sokwenziwa kwe-boron ngaleli su elisebenzayo.Ukuhlolwa okwenziwe ngama-electrolyte ahlukahlukene kunikeza ithuluzi elinamandla lokuthola ama-borene flakes ezigaba ezahlukahlukene ezinogqinsi luka-~3–6 nm.Indlela yokuqeda i-boron ye-electrochemical nayo iyavezwa futhi kuxoxwe ngayo.Ngakho-ke, indlela ehlongozwayo ingasebenza njengethuluzi elisha lokukhiqiza ngezinga elikhulu izingqimba ezinongqimba oluncane futhi isheshise ukuthuthukiswa kocwaningo oluhlobene nama-burs kanye nezicelo zawo ezingase zibe khona.
Izinto ze-two-dimensional (2D) zithole intshisekelo enkulu eminyakeni yakamuva ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezihlukile ezifana nokuhamba kukagesi noma izindawo ezisebenzayo ezivelele.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-graphene kudonsele ukunaka kwezinye izinto ze-2D, ngakho-ke izinto ezintsha ze-2D zicwaningwa kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwe-graphene eyaziwa kakhulu, i-transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) efana ne-WS21, MoS22, MoSe3, ne-WSe4 nayo icutshungulwe ngokujulile muva nje.Ngaphandle kwezinto ezishiwo ngenhla, i-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), i-phosphorus emnyama kanye ne-boronene esanda kukhiqizwa ngempumelelo.Phakathi kwazo, i-boron idonse ukunakwa okukhulu njengenye yezinhlelo ezincane kunazo zonke ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili.Yendlalwe njenge-graphene kodwa ikhombisa izinto ezithakazelisayo ngenxa ye-anisotropy, i-polymorphism kanye ne-crystal structure.I-boron eyinqwaba ibonakala njengesisekelo sokwakha i-icosahedron ye-B12, kodwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamakristalu e-boron zakhiwa ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa ku-B12.Ngenxa yalokho, amabhlokhi e-boron ngokuvamile awafakwanga njenge-graphene noma i-graphite, okwenza kube nzima inqubo yokuthola i-boron.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo eziningi ze-polymorphic ze-borophene (isb, α, β, α1, pmmm) ziyenza ibe yinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu5.Izigaba ezihlukahlukene ezizuzwe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa zithinta ngokuqondile izakhiwo ze-harrows.Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwenziwa ezenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ama-borocenes aqondene nesigaba anezilinganiso ezinkulu ezisemaceleni kanye nogqinsi oluncane lwama-flakes okwamanje kudinga ukutadisha okujulile.
Izindlela eziningi zokwenza izinto ze-2D zisekelwe kuzinqubo ze-sonochemical lapho izinto eziningi zifakwa ku-solvent, ngokuvamile i-solvent ephilayo, futhi i-sonicated amahora ambalwa.URanjan et al.6 ikhiphe ngempumelelo i-boron eyinqwaba ibe yi-borophene isebenzisa indlela echazwe ngenhla.Bafunde uhla lwama-solvents ephilayo (i-methanol, i-ethanol, i-isopropanol, i-acetone, i-DMF, i-DMSO) futhi babonisa ukuthi i-sonication exfoliation iyindlela elula yokuthola ama-boron flakes amakhulu namancane.Ngaphezu kwalokho, babonise ukuthi indlela ye-Hummers eguquliwe ingase isetshenziselwe ukukhipha i-boron.Ukuhlukaniswa koketshezi kukhonjiswe abanye: U-Lin et al.I-7 isebenzise i-crystalline boron njengomthombo ukuze ihlanganise amashidi e-β12-borene anesendlalelo esiphansi futhi iphinde iwasebenzise kumabhethri e-lithium-sulphur asekelwe kwi-borene, kanye no-Li et al.Abangu-8 babonise amashidi e-boronene anengqimba ephansi..Ingatholakala nge-sonochemical synthesis futhi isetshenziswe njenge-electrode ye-supercapacitor.Kodwa-ke, i-atomic layer deposition (ALD) iphinde ibe enye yezindlela zokuhlanganisa ezansi ziye phezulu ze-boron.U-Mannix et al.9 bafake ama-athomu e-boron ekusekelweni kwesiliva okumsulwa kwe-athomu.Le ndlela yenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola amashidi e-boronene ehlanzekile, nokho ukukhiqizwa kwe-boronene kwelabhorethri kunqunyelwe kakhulu ngenxa yezimo zenqubo ezinzima (i-ultra-high vacuum).Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amasu amasha asebenzayo okwenziwa kwe-boronene, ukuchaza indlela yokukhula/yokuhlukanisa, bese kwenziwa ukuhlaziya okunembile kwethiyori yezakhiwo zayo, njenge-polymorphism, ukudluliswa kukagesi kanye nokushisa.H. Liu et al.10 kuxoxwe ngakho futhi kwachaza indlela yokukhula kwe-boron kuma-substrates e-Cu(111).Kuvele ukuthi ama-athomu e-boron ajwayele ukwakha amaqoqo aminyene angu-2D asekelwe kumayunithi angunxantathu, futhi amandla okwakheka ancipha kancane kancane ngosayizi weqoqo okhulayo, okuphakamisa ukuthi amaqoqo e-2D boron ku-substrates yethusi angakhula unomphela.Ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwamashidi e-boron anezinhlangothi ezimbili kwethulwa ngu-D. Li et al.11, lapho kuchazwa ama-substrates ahlukahlukene futhi kuxoxiswane ngokusetshenziswa okungenzeka.Kuboniswa ngokucacile ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana okuthile phakathi kokubala kwetiyetha nemiphumela yokuhlola.Ngakho-ke, izibalo zethiyori ziyadingeka ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izakhiwo nezindlela zokukhula kwe-boron.Enye indlela yokufeza lo mgomo ukusebenzisa i-tape yokunamathisela elula ukuze ususe i-boron, kodwa lokhu kusekuncane kakhulu ukuphenya izakhiwo eziyisisekelo nokuguqula ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo12.
Indlela ethembisayo yobunjiniyela bokuxebuka kwezinto ze-2D kusuka ezintweni eziyinqwaba ukuxebuka kwe-electrochemical.Lapha enye yama-electrode iqukethe izinto eziningi.Ngokuvamile, ama-compounds ngokuvamile akhishwa ngezindlela ze-electrochemical asebenza kakhulu.Atholakala njengezinti ezicindezelwe noma amaphilisi.I-graphite ingakhishwa ngempumelelo ngale ndlela ngenxa ye-conductivity yayo kagesi ephezulu.U-Achi kanye nethimba lakhe14 baye bakhipha ngempumelelo i-graphite ngokuguqula izinduku ze-graphite zibe igraphite ecindezelwe phambi kolwelwesi olusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukubola kwezinto eziningi.Amanye ama-laminates amakhulu akhishwa ngempumelelo ngendlela efanayo, isibonelo, kusetshenziswa i-Janus15 electrochemical delamination.Ngokufanayo, i-phosphorus emnyama enezingqimba ihlukaniswa ngokwe-electrochemically, nama-ion e-electrolyte ane-asidi ahlakazeka esikhaleni phakathi kwezingqimba ngenxa ye-voltage esetshenzisiwe.Ngeshwa, indlela efanayo ayikwazi ukumane isetshenziswe ku-stratification ye-boron ibe yi-borophene ngenxa ye-conductivity kagesi ephansi yezinto eziningi.Kodwa kwenzekani uma i-boron powder exekethile ifakwe enetheni lensimbi (nickel-nickel noma ithusi-ithusi) ukuze isetshenziswe njenge-electrode?Kungenzeka yini ukuheha i-conductivity ye-boron, engaphinde ihlukaniseke nge-electrochemically njengohlelo olunengqimba lwamakhondatha kagesi?Siyini isigaba se-boronene ethuthukisiwe enesendlalelo esiphansi?
Kulolu cwaningo, siphendula le mibuzo futhi sibonisa ukuthi leli su elilula linikeza indlela entsha evamile yokwenza ama-burs amancane, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.
I-Lithium chloride (LiCl, 99.0%, CAS: 7447-41-8) kanye ne-boron powder (B, CAS: 7440-42-8) ithengwe kwa-Sigma Aldrich (USA).I-Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, ≥ 99.0%, CAS: 7757-82-6) enikezwe i-Chempur (Poland).I-Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, CAS: 67-68-5) evela eKarpinex (Poland) isetshenzisiwe.
I-atomic force microscopy (AFM MultiMode 8 (Bruker)) inikeza ulwazi ngogqinsi nosayizi welethisi wento egqinsiwe.I-high resolution electron microscopy (HR-TEM) yenziwe kusetshenziswa isibonakhulu i-FEI Tecnai F20 ngevolthi esheshayo engu-200 kV.Ukuhlaziywa kwe-atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-spectrophotometer ye-atomic ye-Hitachi Zeeman kanye ne-nebulizer ye-flame ukuze kutholwe ukufuduka kwama-ion ensimbi esixazululweni ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-electrochemical.Amandla e-zeta e-boron eningi akalwa futhi aqhutshwa nge-Zeta Sizer (ZS Nano ZEN 3600, Malvern) ukuze kutholwe amandla angaphezulu e-boron eningi.Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye namaphesenti ahlobene e-athomu obuso bamasampuli kwacwaningwa nge-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Izilinganiso zenziwa kusetshenziswa imisebe ye-Mg Ka (hν = 1253.6 eV) kusistimu ye-PREVAC (Poland) efakwe i-Scienta SES 2002 electron analyzer (Sweden) esebenza ngamandla adluliswa njalo (Ep = 50 eV).Igumbi lokuhlaziya likhishelwa ekucindezelweni okungaphansi kwe-5 × 10-9 mbar.
Ngokujwayelekile, u-0.1 g wempushana ye-boron egeleza mahhala iqala icindezelwe kudiski enemeshi yensimbi (nickel noma ithusi) kusetshenziswa umshini wokunyathelisa osebenza nge-hydraulic.I-disk inobubanzi obuyi-15 mm.Amadiski alungisiwe asetshenziswa njengama-electrode.Kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezimbili zama-electrolyte: (i) 1 M LiCl ku-DMSO kanye (ii) ne-1 M Na2SO4 emanzini akhishwe i-deionized.Ucingo lweplatinamu lwalusetshenziswa njenge-electrode eyisizayo.Umdwebo wohlelo lwendawo yokusebenza uboniswa kuMfanekiso 1. Ekukhumulweni kwe-electrochemical, i-current enikeziwe (1 A, 0.5 A, noma 0.1 A) isetshenziswa phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode.Ubude besikhathi sokuhlolwa ngakunye ihora elingu-1.Ngemva kwalokho, i-supernatant iqoqwe, i-centrifuged ku-5000 rpm futhi yageza izikhathi eziningana (izikhathi ezingu-3-5) ngamanzi ahlanzekile.
Amapharamitha ahlukahlukene, njengesikhathi nebanga phakathi kwama-electrode, athinta i-morphology yomkhiqizo wokugcina wokuhlukaniswa kwe-electrochemical.Lapha sihlola ithonya le-electrolyte, yamanje esetshenzisiwe (1 A, 0.5 A no-0.1 A; i-voltage 30 V) kanye nohlobo lwegridi yensimbi (Ni kuye ngokuthi usayizi womthelela).Kwahlolwa ama-electrolyte amabili ahlukene: (i) i-1 M lithium chloride (LiCl) ku-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) kanye (ii) ne-1 M sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) emanzini e-deionized (DI).Okokuqala, i-lithium cations (Li +) izongena phakathi kwe-boron, ehlotshaniswa nokukhokhiswa okungalungile kule nqubo.Esimeni sakamuva, i-anion ye-sulfate (SO42-) izohlangana ibe i-boron ene-positive charge.
Ekuqaleni, isenzo sama-electrolyte angenhla siboniswe okwamanje kwe-1 A. Inqubo ithatha ihora elingu-1 ngezinhlobo ezimbili zamagridi ensimbi (i-Ni ne-Cu), ngokulandelanayo.Umfanekiso wesi-2 ubonisa isithombe se-atomic force microscopy (AFM) sempahla ewumphumela, futhi iphrofayili yobude ehambisanayo iboniswa kuMfanekiso S1.Ukwengeza, ukuphakama nobukhulu bama-flakes owenziwe ekuhlolweni ngakunye kuboniswa kuThebula 1. Ngokusobala, uma usebenzisa i-Na2SO4 njenge-electrolyte, ubukhulu bama-flakes buncane kakhulu uma usebenzisa igridi yethusi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-flakes ahlutshiwe phambi kwesithwali se-nickel, ubukhulu buyancipha cishe izikhathi ezi-5.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi wezikali kwakufana.Kodwa-ke, i-LiCl/DMSO yayisebenza ngempumelelo enqubweni ye-exfoliation isebenzisa kokubili ama-meshes ensimbi, okuholela ezingqimbeni ezingu-5-15 ze-borocene, ezifana nolunye uketshezi olukhiphayo, okuholela ezingqimbeni eziningi ze-borocene7,8.Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luzodalula ukwakheka okuningiliziwe kwamasampula ahlelwe kule electrolyte.
Izithombe ze-AFM zamashidi e-borocene ngemva kwe-electrochemical delamination ku-A Cu_Li+_1 A, B Cu_SO42−_1 A, C Ni_Li+_1 A, kanye no-D Ni_SO42−_1 A.
Ukuhlaziya kwenziwa kusetshenziswa i-transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Njengoba kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3, ukwakheka kwenqwaba ye-boron kuyikristale, njengoba kufakazelwa yizithombe ze-TEM zakho zombili i-boron ne-boron egqinsiwe, kanye namaphethini ahambisanayo e-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) kanye namaphethini alandelayo e-Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED).Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamasampuli ngemva kwenqubo ye-delamination ubonakala kalula ezithombeni ze-TEM, lapho izikhala ze-d zibukhali futhi amabanga amafushane kakhulu (0.35–0.9 nm; Ithebula S2).Ngenkathi amasampula enziwe nge-copper mesh ehambisana nesakhiwo se-β-rhombohedral se-boron8, amasampula enziwe kusetshenziswa i-nickel.Imeshiifanise izibikezelo zetiyetha zamapharamitha we-lattice: β12 kanye no-χ317.Lokhu kwafakazela ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-borocene kwakuyi-crystalline, kodwa ukushuba kanye nesakhiwo sekristalu kwashintsha lapho i-exfoliation.Kodwa-ke, kubonisa ngokucacile ukuncika kwegridi esetshenzisiwe (Cu noma i-Ni) ku-crystallinity ye-borene ephumela.Ku-Cu noma i-Ni, ingaba yikristalu eyodwa noma i-polycrystalline, ngokulandelana.Ukuguqulwa kwe-Crystal kuphinde kwatholakala kwamanye amasu okukhipha18,19.Esimweni sethu, isinyathelo d kanye nesakhiwo sokugcina sincike kakhulu kuhlobo lwegridi esetshenzisiwe (Ni, Cu).Ukuhluka okuphawulekayo kungatholakala kumaphethini e-SAED, okuphakamisa ukuthi indlela yethu iholela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zekristalu ezifanayo.Ukwengeza, i-elemental mapping (EDX) kanye ne-STEM imaging kufakazele ukuthi impahla ye-2D eyenziwe yakhiwe yi-elementi ye-boron (Fig. S5).Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole ukuqonda okujulile kwesakhiwo, izifundo ezengeziwe zezakhiwo ze-borophenes yokwenziwa ziyadingeka.Ikakhulukazi, ukuhlaziya imiphetho ebhobokile kufanele kuqhutshekwe, njengoba idlala indima ebalulekile ekuzinzeni kwezinto kanye nokusebenza kwayo okunamandla20,21,22.
Izithombe ze-TEM zenqwaba ye-boron A, B Cu_Li+_1 A ne-C Ni_Li+_1 A namaphethini ahambisanayo e-SAED (A', B', C');ukufakwa okusheshayo kwe-Fourier transform (FFT) esithombeni se-TEM.
I-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yenziwa ukuze kutholwe izinga le-oxidation lamasampuli abhobozayo.Ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwamasampula e-borophene, isilinganiso se-boron-boron senyuke sisuka ku-6.97% saya ku-28.13% (Ithebula S3).Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuncishiswa kwebhondi ye-boron suboxide (BO) kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa kwama-oxide angaphezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-boron suboxide ku-B2O3, njengoba kuboniswa inani elikhulayo le-B2O3 kumasampuli.Emkhiwaneni.I-S8 ibonisa izinguquko esilinganisweni sokubopha izinto ze-boron ne-oxide lapho kushiswa.I-spectrum iyonke iboniswa ku-fig.I-S7.Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi i-boronene i-oxidized ebusweni ngesilinganiso se-boron:oxide esingu-1:1 ngaphambi kokushisisa kanye no-1.5:1 ngemva kokushisisa.Ukuze uthole incazelo enemininingwane eyengeziwe ye-XPS, bheka Ulwazi Olwengeziwe.
Ukuhlolwa okwalandela kwenziwa ukuze kuhlolwe umphumela wamanje osetshenziswa phakathi kwama-electrode ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa kwe-electrochemical.Ukuhlola kwenziwe emisinga engu-0.5 A no-0.1 A ku-LiCl/DMSO, ngokulandelana.Imiphumela yezifundo ze-AFM iboniswa ku-Fig. 4, futhi amaphrofayili okuphakama ahambisanayo aboniswa ku-Fig.I-S2 ne-S3.Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ubukhulu be-borophene monolayer cishe bungu-0.4 nm, 12,23 ekuhlolweni ku-0.5 A kanye nokuba khona kwegridi yethusi, ama-thinnest flakes ahambisana nezingqimba ze-borophene ezingu-5-11 ezinobukhulu obuhlangothini obungaba ngu-0.6-2.5 μm.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuhlolweni ngei-nickelamagridi, ama-flakes anokusabalalisa okuncane kakhulu kogqinsi (4.82-5.27 nm) atholakala.Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-boron flakes atholwe izindlela ze-sonochemical anezilinganiso ezifanayo ze-flake ebangeni le-1.32-2.32 nm7 noma 1.8-4.7 nm8.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-electrochemical exfoliation ye-graphene ehlongozwa ngu-Achi et al.14 kuholele kuma-flakes amakhulu (>30 µm), angase ahlobane nosayizi wento yokuqala.Kodwa-ke, ama-graphene flakes angu-2-7 nm ubukhulu.Ama-flakes osayizi nobude obufanayo angatholakala ngokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanje kusuka ku-1 A kuya ku-0.1 A. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula le parameter yokuthungwa eyinhloko yezinto ze-2D kuyisu elilula.Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa okwenziwe kugridi ye-nickel ene-current ye-0.1 A akuphumelelanga.Lokhu kungenxa ye-conductivity kagesi ephansi ye-nickel uma kuqhathaniswa nethusi kanye namandla anganele adingekayo ukuze enze i-borophene24.Ukuhlaziywa kwe-TEM kwe-Cu_Li+_0.5 A, Cu_Li+_0.1 A, Cu_SO42-_1 A, Ni_Li-_0.5 A kanye ne-Ni_SO42-__1 A kuboniswa ku-Figure S3 naku-Figure S4, ngokulandelanayo.
I-Electrochemical ablation elandelwa yi-AFM imaging.(A) Cu_Li+_1A, (B) Cu_Li+_0.5A, (C) Cu_Li+_0.1A, (D) Ni_Li+_1A, (E) Ni_Li+_0.5A.
Lapha siphinde siphakamise indlela engenzeka yokufakwa kwe-stratification yokubhoboza okuyinqwaba ibe yizimbobo zongqimba oluncane (Fig. 5).Ekuqaleni, i-bur bur yacindezelwa kugridi ye-Cu/Ni ukuze kuholele ukuqhutshwa kwe-electrode, esebenzise ngempumelelo i-voltage phakathi kwe-electrode eyisizayo (i-Pt wire) kanye ne-electrode esebenzayo.Lokhu kuvumela ama-ion ukuthi athuthe ku-electrolyte futhi ashumekwe kumpahla ye-cathode/anode, kuye nge-electrolyte esetshenzisiwe.Ukuhlaziywa kwe-AAS kubonise ukuthi awekho ama-ion akhishiwe kunemeshi yensimbi phakathi nale nqubo (bona Ulwazi Olwengeziwe).wabonisa ukuthi ama-ion kuphela avela ku-electrolyte angangena esakhiweni se-boron.I-boron yokuthengisa ngobuningi esetshenziswa kule nqubo ngokuvamile ibizwa ngokuthi “i-amorphous boron” ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwayo okungahleliwe kwamayunithi amaseli ayinhloko, i-icosahedral B12, eshiselwa ku-1000°C ukuze yakhe isakhiwo se-β-rhombohedral esi-odiwe (Fig. S6) 25 .Ngokusho kwedatha, ama-lithium cations angeniswa kalula esakhiweni se-boron esigabeni sokuqala futhi aklebhule izingcezu zebhethri le-B12, ekugcineni enze isakhiwo se-boronene esinezinhlangothi ezimbili esinesakhiwo esihlelekile kakhulu, njenge-β-rhombohedra, β12 noma χ3 , ngokuya nge-current esetshenzisiwe kanye ne-Imeshiimpahla.Ukwembula ukuhlobana kwe-Li+ ku-boron ngobuningi kanye nendima yayo ebalulekile enqubweni ye-delamination, amandla ayo e-zeta (i-ZP) akalwa ukuze abe -38 ± 3.5 mV (bona Ulwazi Olwengeziwe) .Inani elingalungile le-ZP le-boron eningi libonisa ukuthi ukuhlangana kwe-lithium cations kusebenza kahle kakhulu kunamanye ama-ion asetshenziswe kulolu cwaningo (njenge-SO42-).Lokhu kuphinde kuchaze ukungena kahle kwe-Li+ esakhiweni se-boron, okuholela ekukhishweni kwe-electrochemical ngokuphumelelayo.
Ngakho-ke, sithuthukise indlela entsha yokuthola ama-boron asezingeni eliphansi nge-electrochemical stratification ye-boron kusetshenziswa amagridi e-Cu/Ni kuzixazululo ze-Li+/DMSO kanye ne-SO42-/H2O.Kubukeka sengathi futhi inikeza okukhiphayo ngezigaba ezihlukene kuye ngokuthi kusetshenziswe manje kanye negridi esetshenzisiwe.Indlela yenqubo ye-exfoliation nayo iyahlongozwa futhi kuxoxwe ngayo.Kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-boronene yezinga eliphansi elawulwa ngekhwalithi ingakhiqizwa kalula ngokukhetha i-mesh yensimbi efanelekile njengomthwali we-boron kanye nokwandisa amandla amanje asetshenzisiwe, angasetshenziswa futhi ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo noma ezisetshenziswa ezingokoqobo.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, lona umzamo wokuqala ophumelelayo wokulinganisa i-boron ye-electrochemical.Kukholakala ukuthi le ndlela ngokuvamile ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha izinto ezingezona u-conductive zibe amafomu anezinhlangothi ezimbili.Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda okungcono kwesakhiwo kanye nezakhiwo zamabhars ahlanganisiwe anengqimba ephansi kuyadingeka, kanye nocwaningo olwengeziwe.
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I-Nickel wire mesh wuhlobo lwezintambo zezimboniindwangueyenziwe ngocingo lwe-nickel.Ibonakala ngokuqina kwayo, ukuguquguquka kukagesi, nokumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala.Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile, i-nickel wire mesh ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezinjengokuhlunga, ukusefa, nokuhlukanisa ezimbonini ezifana ne-aerospace, amakhemikhali, kanye nokucubungula ukudla.Itholakala ngezinhlobonhlobo zamasayizi anezikhala namadayamitha ocingo ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene.