Ebudeni be-Great Ice Storm ngowe-1998, ukugcwala komkhenkce kwiintambo zombane nakwiipali kwenza ukuba kumantla eUnited States nakumazantsi eKhanada ame ngxi, nto leyo eyashiya abantu abaninzi bebanda yaye bemnyama kangangeentsuku okanye iiveki.Nokuba ziiinjini zomoya, iinqaba zombane, iidrone okanye amaphiko enqwelo-moya, ukucolwa kwe-icing kaninzi kuxhomekeke kwiindlela ezidla ixesha, ezibizayo kunye/okanye ezisebenzisa amandla amaninzi kunye neendidi ngeendidi zeekhemikhali.Kodwa ngokujonga indalo, abaphandi bakaMcGill bacinga ukuba bafumene indlela entsha ethembisayo yokusombulula ingxaki.Bakhuthazwa ngamaphiko oonombombiya abadada kumanzi anomkhenkce e-Antarctica, kwaye uboya bazo abubi ngumkhenkce naxa iqondo lobushushu langaphandle lingaphantsi kweqondo lomkhenkce.
Siqale saphanda ngeempawu zamagqabi elotus, asebenza kakuhle kakhulu ekususeni amanzi, kodwa kwafumaniseka ukuba awasebenzi kangako ekususeni umkhenkce,” utshilo uAnn Kitzig, obekhangela izisombululo malunga neshumi leminyaka nongunjingalwazi oncedisayo. .UGqirha wobuNjineli beMichiza kwiDyunivesithi yaseMcGill, uMlawuli weLebhu yobuNjineli boMphezulu weBiomimetic: “Kwakungekho de saqalisa ukuphanda iimpawu zeentsiba zoonombombiya esathi safumana imathiriyeli eyindalo echitha amanzi kunye nomkhenkce ngaxeshanye.”
Iumfanekisokwicala lasekhohlo libonisa i-microstructure yentsiba ye-penguin (i-close-up ye-micron eyi-10 ifaka ihambelana ne-1/10 yobubanzi beenwele zomntu ukunika ingqiqo yesikali).Ezi barbs kunye namasetyana ziziqu ezisembindini weentsiba ze-branching..“Amagwegwe” asetyenziselwa ukudibanisa iinwele zontsiba kunye ukwenza umqamelo.Ekunene kukho ilaphu lentsimbi yentsimbi engenastainless abaphandi bayihombise ngeenanogrooves, bephinda bephinda bephinda bephinda-phinda i-hierarchy ye-penguin feather structures (ucingo olune-nanogrooves phezulu).
"Sifumene ukuba i-hierarchical ilungiselelo leentsiba ngokwazo libonelela ngeendawo zokukhupha amanzi, kwaye umphezulu wabo odibeneyo unciphisa ukunamathela komkhenkce," kuchaza uMichael Wood, umfundi osandul 'ukuphumelela osebenza noKitzig kunye nomnye wababhali besifundo.Inqaku elitsha kwi-ACS Applied Material Interfaces."Sikwazile ukuphinda-phinda ezi ziphumo zidibeneyo kunye ne-laser-cut wire mesh."
UKitzig wongezelela wathi: “Isenokubonakala iphikisana, kodwa eyona nto iphambili ekwahluleni umkhenkce zizo zonke iintunja ezikumnatha ezifunxa amanzi phantsi kweemeko eziqhaqhazelisa amazinyo.Amanzi akwezo pores ekugqibeleni aba ngumkhenkce, kwaye njengoko esanda, enza iintanda, kanye njengokuba ubuya kuba sefrijini.Kuyafana nokubonwa kwitreyi ye-ice cube.Sidinga umzamo omncinci wokususa umkhenkce kumnatha wethu kuba iintanda kwindawo nganye yale mingxunya zithanda ukuzulazula kumphezulu wezi ngcingo ziphothiweyo.”
Abaphandi bavavanya i-stenciled surface kwitonela yomoya kwaye bafumanisa ukuba unyango lwalungcono nge-95% ekuchaseni i-icing kunamashiti ensimbi angenasici angenasici.Ekubeni kungekho nyango lwemichiza olufunekayo, indlela entsha inikezela ngesisombululo esinokuthi sigcinwe kwingxaki yokwakheka komkhenkce kwiiinjini zomoya, iinqaba, iintambo zombane kunye needrones.
"Ngenxa yenani lemimiselo yokuhamba ngenqwelomoya yabakhweli kunye nemingcipheko ehambelana nayo, akunakwenzeka ukuba amaphiko eenqwelomoya afakwe kwimesh yentsimbi," wongeze watsho uKitzig.Noko ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ngenye imini umphezulu wephiko lenqwelo-moya usenokuba nolwakhiwo esilufundisisayo, yaye ekubeni iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuqhawula iayisi zisebenza kunye phezu kwamaphiko, ukunqunyulwa kweamaphiko kuya kwenzeka ngokudibanisa amaphiko oonombombiya.iphefumlelwe kukwakheka komphezulu.”
"Izinto ezinokwethenjelwa ezichasene ne-icing ezisekelwe kwimisebenzi emibini - i-microstructure-induced ice flaking kunye ne-nanostructure-enhanced water repellency overlay", uMichael J. Wood, uGregory Brock, uJuliette Debre, uPhilippe Servio kunye no-Anne-Marie Kitzig kwi-ACS Appl.alma mater.interface
IYunivesithi yaseMcGill, eyasekwa ngo-1821 eMontreal, eQuebec, yeyona yunivesithi iphambili eCanada.IYunivesithi yaseMcGill ihlala ibekwe phakathi kweeyunivesithi eziphezulu kwilizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele.Liziko elaziwayo kwihlabathi lemfundo ephakamileyo elinemisebenzi yophando ethatha iikhampasi ezintathu, ezili-11iikholeji, 13 iikholeji zobungcali, 300 iinkqubo zokufunda kunye phezu 40,000 abafundi, kuquka phezu 10,200 abafundi isidanga.UMcGill utsala abafundi abasuka kumazwe angaphezu kwe-150, kwaye abafundi bayo abangama-12,800 bamazwe ngamazwe benza i-31% yequmrhu labafundi.Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabafundi baseMcGill bathi ulwimi lwabo lokuqala ayisosiNgesi, kwaye malunga ne-19% yabo bathetha isiFrentshi njengolwimi lwabo lokuqala.