Umcu wemibhobho yentsimbi edityanisiweyo ugqabhuka ukusuka eluphahleni, uwe phantsi, ugqabhuke uphume, uze uhlale uxhonyiwe, ngokungathi ubhalwe ngomdla emoyeni ngesandla esikhulu.Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi “Chorro”, okanye ukuqukuqela, enyanisweni lulwimi lomzobi, igcisa elingaziwayo laseJamani-Venezuelan uGego (1912-1994), wakhe wasekwa ngobuchule.intsimbiulwimi.
I-Gego ingumxholo we-retrospective enkulu yokuhamba, i-Gego: i-Dimension ye-Infinity, eya kuboniswa kwi-Museo Jumex e-Mexico City de kube ngoFebruwari 2023. Umboniso uya kuqhubeka ngoMatshi kwi-Museum yaseSolomon R. Guggenheim eNew York kwaye iphele. kwiMyuziyam yaseGuggenheim eBilbao.Okwangoku, igalari ye-LGDR eParis isanda kuqalisa uphando lwamagcisa olubizwa ngokuba yi-Lines kwi-Space.
UGego wafunda ngobuchule bokwakha eJamani.UGego wazalelwa kwinkqubela phambili, usapho olutyebileyo lwamaJuda eHamburg.Uqale ukwenza ubugcisa eneminyaka engama-41, ephefumlelwe liqabane lakhe, umzobi kunye nomzobi uGerd Leifert.Ngaphandle kokuqalisa kade kwekhondo lakhe lomsebenzi, kungekudala wenza umsebenzi wobugcisa odumileyo nonempembelelo kwilizwe awamkelwa ngalo eVenezuela, apho uGego wafumana indawo yokusabela emva kokubaleka kulawulo lwamaNazi ngo-1939.
Ekhuthazwe bubugcisa be-cinematic yendawo kunye ne-geometric abstraction, wabamba i-retrospective kwi-1977 e-Sofia Imber, iMyuziyam yaseCaracas ye-Contemporary Art.Imisebenzi yakhe yoluntu isengabonwa kuyo yonke iCaracas kwaye uye wafundisa kwiYunivesithi yaseMbindi yaseVenezuela nakwiSikole seNeumann Foundation soYilo.
Ukufakwa kweChorros kwiMyuziyam yaseBarquisimeto, ngo-1985. Ngoncedo lwe-LGDR, ifoto nguTony Russell.
"Umsebenzi wethu awukona nje ukuthengisa, kodwa ukwandisa abaphulaphuli kunye nolwazi lweGego," kusho u-Emilio Steinberger, iqabane eliphezulu kwi-LGDR, ophethe umboniso weParis kunye nomsunguli wegalari uDominique Levy.Lo ngumboniso wesithathu womsebenzi we-Gego ukususela ekubeni i-LGDR yaba yigalari yokuqala yorhwebo yamazwe ngamazwe ukusebenzelana nelifa lakhe ngo-2015.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kwimishini yayikukuqhelana buqu nemisebenzi kaGego.USteinberger wongezelela esithi: “Ngumsebenzi wombongo, obalaseleyo onokuxatyiswa kubomi bokwenene."Lo mfanekiso oqingqiweyo wocingo onjalo awukho [kwi-net]."
UGego uyaziwa ngobugcisa bakhe obunxulumene "nokungafihli", ukwala ukubiza indalo yakhe eqingqiweyo, ekholelwa ukuba ayinakonakala xa ithelekiswa.“Iimilo ezimacala-ntathu zemathiriyeli eqinileyo.Hayi soze ndenze ntoni!”wabhala.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uphonononga intambo ngokudlalayo njengento “ezimeleyo”, ephuhliswe kuyebokwakhakunye nemvelaphi yobunjineli kwi-Stuttgart Institute of Technology, apho wayengomnye wabokugqibela "Ngobusuku beglasi ephukileyo" okanye "Ubusuku beeCrystals".Umboniso eKunstmuseum eStuttgart ebutsheni balo nyaka ubugxile kwimpembelelo yakhe yobugcisa kulwimi lwakhe olubonakalayo olulodwa.
“Ndafundiswa njengomzobi wezakhiwo ukuzoba imigca enentsingiselo ecacileyo echaza ubume okanye indawo, njengemifuziselo yokusikelwa umda engazange iphile ubomi babo.Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ndafumanisa umtsalane wemigca ngokwayo, ”ubhala watsho."Ngamanye amaxesha umgca ophakathi ubaluleke kakhulu njengomgca ngokwawo."
UGego usebenza kwiChorros ufakelo kwiMyuziyam yaseBarquisimeto, ngo-1985. Ngoncedo lwe-LGDR, ifoto nguTony Russell.
Enye yeembalasane zomboniso waseParis yayiyi-“Chorro” ezimeleyo eyaqalwa nguGego ukuyivelisa ngowe-1979, enye yezinto ezinkulu ezimalunga ne-15 zohlobo lwayo.Athi kamva wongeze iifom zakhe ezintsha ze-“Reticulárea” (ethetha “iindawo zothungelwano”), ezibandakanya izakhi zemesh ezinonxantathu ezenziwe ngeengcingo ezibhityileyo okanye iintonga ezibhityileyo kwiminatha ephothiweyo yeejiyometri ezahlukeneyo."Iindawo zegridi" zinokuvula kwaye zizalise igumbi njengeenkwenkwezi ezizenzekelayo, okanye ziwe phantsi njengetapestry.Aziqhelekanga, azikho, zi-ethe-ethe kwaye zi-cosmic kuba zingamandla esinyithi ashukumayo esithubeni.Ngokungafaniyo neenethiwekhi, azinalo iziko lokwenyani, isiqalo, isiphelo, okanye inkcazo ecacileyo.
Enkosi ngokuyinxenye, njengoko ebeka, umsebenzi wakhe "usekelwe" kunye "nokudala ukuzonwabisa," uGego udla ngokuphepha iindidi zobugcisa kunye neendlela.Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1950 ukuya koo-1980, yadibana neentshukumo ezazibiza indawo yobugcisa yaseMzantsi Melika kodwa yazigqitha.Oku kubandakanya ubugcisa bekinetic, obuquka abahlobo bakhe ababandakanya uJesús Rafael Soto kunye noCarlos Cruz-Diez, kunye ne-geometric abstraction ngu-Alejandro Otero, kunye neentshukumo zobugcisa zekhonkrithi zengingqi.
Umzukulwana wakhe u-Esther Crespin Gunz ukhumbula oku xa kwavula i-LGDR, eyayibonakala lula ngenxa yokufana kwentsapho.Umntu oqalayo, uGego akafane axoxe ngobugcisa bakhe kunye nosapho lwakhe kwaye udla ngokukhetha ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo, nangona uphando olutsha oluvela kwiMyuziyam yoBugcisa yaseStuttgart lubonisa ukuba usebenzisane namanye amagcisa, kuquka nomdanisi waseVenezuela kunye nomdwebi wezomculo uSonya Sonoha.
“Xa wafumanisa ukuba ayinabalaintsimbingocingo, wayekwazi ukuzisebenzela yaye wayezenza ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye angqale kwasekuqaleni kuba wayengadingi mntu wumbi oza kuyiqonda into ayenzayo,” watsho uCrespin, umzobi wezakhiwo nongomnye wabaseki.iFondación Gego eCaracas, eyenziwe emva kokufa komculi.(Omnye umzukulwana ngumzobi uElias Crespin.) Ngokwahlukileyo koko, imisebenzi emikhulu kawonke-wonke nemizobo yamandulo eyenziwe ngeentsimbi ezinzima yayifuna uncedo lwamachule aqeqeshiweyo.
UGego usebenza yedwa okanye uqeshe umfundi ukuba ancedise ngemisebenzi emikhulu ye-3D, kodwa uninzi lwemizobo yakhe kunye nee-watercolors ephepheni zenziwa kwistudiyo esizimeleyo, unyana kaGego uThomas Gunz uxelele i-Artnet News ngefowuni noSay.Uninzi lwale misebenzi lubandakanyiwe kwimiboniso yaseParisi kunye neembali ezihambayo.Eminye imisebenzi eboniswayo iquka “i-Dibujo sin papel” yakhe entle kakhulu [umzobo ngaphandle kwephepha], ingqukuva yemesh nezinye iintlobo, iincwadi, imibhalo, “Bichos” (izilwanyana ezincinane okanye ooqongqothwane), umsebenzi wemigca ehambelanayo, kunye neyakhe yamva ethi “Tejeduras” ( iibraids. ).).
Nangona uGuntz wayesazi ngomsebenzi kanina okhutheleyo nowubhiyozelwayo eVenezuela, uthi “saqala ukuqonda ukubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe emva kokufa kwakhe, xa iMyuziyam yezoBugcisa obuGcisayo eHouston yabamba umboniso wayo wokuqala wezizwe ngezizwe eyedwa [ngo-2002] .
UPablo Leon, umlondolozi wesiLatin de la Barra wathi: “Phezu kwayo nje imigudu embalwa yabaphengululi nabalondolozi kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idluleyo yokumisela indawo kaGego kuluhlu lwale mihla, usengumntu ongaziwayo eUnited States.wabhala.UbuGcisa baseMelika kwiMyuziyam yaseGuggenheim eNew York, kunye nomlondolozi kunye noJanine Gutiérrez-Guimaraes, kwi-imeyile kwi-Artnet News.Zombini ziye zanceda ekuphuhliseni imbono yangoku, enenjongo yokukhuthaza “ukuqonda ngakumbi nokuxatyiswa komsebenzi [kaGego] ngokomxholo wale nkulungwane yama-20.”iirempu ezikwi-rotunda ziqaqambisa iincoko zikaGego nabanye abadali kunye noluntu.
Iprofayili ye-Gego yavuka ngokwenene kunye ne-retrospective yokutyelela ngamazwe ngamazwe kwi-2002 Houston MFA show, eyayiququzelelwe yi-Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas, kwaye elinye inyathelo elikhulu laliyimboniso yokuqala enkulu kwi-2013 e-Kunsthalle Kunsthalle e-Hamburg, eJamani.Iyaqhubeka kwiMyuziyam yobuGcisa eStuttgart kunye ne-Henry Moore Institute eLeeds, e-UK.
Umboniso eHamburg “Gego.Umgca njengento “uye waba sisiqalo sombono womsebenzi wakhe eYurophu, kwaye kwabaninzi uvule amehlo,” utshilo uBrigitte Kölle, umququzeleli walo mboniso, “kodwa kusekuninzi okusafuneka kuhambe. ”
Ngelo xesha, imyuziyam yayinomboniso ofanayo womculi u-Eva Hesse, owabaleka eHamburg ngololiwe wabantwana othwele abantwana abangamaYuda.
U-Kelle uthe akacingi ukuba ubuYuda bukaGego bube negalelo ekufikeni kwakhe emva kwexesha eJamani, eqaphela ukuba ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1990, abaphandi bebesoloko bekhangela ulwazi malunga namagcisa angamaJuda angamaJamani abalekela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.Noko ke, “kukwakho nomlinganiselo othile wehlazo,” watsho.Lo mboniso ka-2013 wawukwabonisa ilitye lokukhumbula uGego, elafakwa ligosa lesixeko kwikhaya lakhe langaphambili.
UGego usebenza kwiChorros ufakelo kwiMyuziyam yaseBarquisimeto, ngo-1985. Ngoncedo lwe-LGDR, ifoto nguTony Russell.
Usapho lakwaGoldschmidt beluqhuba ibhanki yakwaJ. Goldschmidt Sohn ukususela ngo-1815. UGego, ongowesithandathu kubantwana abasixhenxe, wayengowokugqibela ukushiya ikhaya laseHamburg.Ethatha isigqibo sokulinda de aphumelele njengomakhi, wanikela ngefenitshala yendlu kwi-charity ngomzuzu wokugqibela, wavala umnyango wangaphambili, waza waphosa isitshixo kuMlambo wase-Ulster.
“Xa ndijonga emva, kwakuyingozi [ukuhlala ixesha elide kangako].Ibingumngcipheko ofanayo eVenezuela, engazi nokuba iphi emephini, utshilo uGunz."Umntu kufuneka abe ngowokugqibela."
UGego wavunyelwa ukuba angene eVenezuela esuka e-UK, apho usapho lwakhe lwafumana indawo yokuhlala okwethutyana.EVenezuela, ekubeni wayelibhinqa yaye engumphambukeli, kwakunzima ukufumana umsebenzi wokwakha waza watshata noErnst Gunz ngowe-1940. Bobabini bavula indawo yokwenza ifanitshala yamaplanga.Esi sibini sasinabantwana ababini, uThomas noBarbara.Ngo-1951 bohlukana waza uGego wadibana neqabane lakhe lobomi uGerd Leifert.
Ukufunyanwa kukaGego kade kuMntla Merika naseYurophu kungenxa yokuba wayengumzobi waseLatin America owathi, ngokungafaniyo nabanye oontanga bakhe abaziwayo kwindawo yaseVenezuela yasemva kwexesha, wakhetha ukuhlala eCaracas kunokuba ahlawule ngaphezulu.ixesha kumakomkhulu obugcisa njengeParis okanye eNew York.Ukungamelwa yigalari enkulu yorhwebo ngomnye umcimbi.
I-LGDR igcine umsebenzi kaGego kumaziko afana neSan Francisco Museum of Modern Art kunye neMyuziyam yaseGuggenheim e-Abu Dhabi, kwaye ithi ivelise umdla kwiimyuziyam ezininzi, ngakumbi ekubeni umculi unemisebenzi embalwa emikhulu yokuthengisa.Amaxabiso eetchings aqala kwi-$20,000, asebenza ephepheni i-$50,000 ukuya kwi-100,000 yeedola, kwaye isambuku sisebenza i-$250,000.IChorro ekhululekileyo enqabileyo ithengiswe ngaphezulu nje kwesigidi esi-1.5 seedola.
UGego uye wachitha ixesha elifutshane eMelika.Kwiminyaka yama-60s wasebenza kwiziko lePratt eNew York, emva koko wafunda i-pedagogy kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley waza wakrola kwisitudiyo seTamarind lithographic eLos Angeles.Ngo-1965, iMyuziyam yoBugcisa bale mihla eNew York yabonisa kwaye yamthengela igridi ye-Esfera (Spheres), kwaye ngo-1971 wabonisa uthotho lwakhe lwe-Los Chorros kumboniso oyedwa eBetty Parsons Gallery eNew York.
“Ukuba wayehlala ixesha elide, njengamanye amagcisa aseLatin America afudukela e-US, ngewayefumene ukuwongwa ngakumbi,” utshilo unyana wakhe.Kodwa yayingeyonjongo yakhe ngelo xesha.IVenezuela yayiphila [ngoko] ubomi bobugcisa kangangokuba yayicinga ukuba yayisenzeka apho.”Wongeze wathi: “Wayengafuni ukuduma.
Oku kunokuba yinyani, kodwa umzukulwana kaGego u-Esther naye uyazibuza ukuba ngaba ihlabathi lifuna ixesha elingakumbi lokufumana uGego.“Mhlawumbi besingekakulungeli ukufunda ngomsebenzi wakhe de kube ngoku,” utshilo.
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