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kunikwe ingxelo malunga ne-electrochemical stratification ye-boron engaqhubekiyo kwi-borons ye-thin-layer borons.Esi siphumo sikhethekileyo siphunyezwa ngokubandakanya i-boron eninzi kwi-mesh yesinyithi eyenza ukuqhutyelwa kombane kwaye ivule indawo yokwenziwa kwe-boron ngesi sicwangciso esisebenzayo.Iimvavanyo ezenziwe kwii-electrolyte ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngesixhobo esinamandla sokufumana i-borene flakes yezigaba ezahlukeneyo ezinobunzima be ~ 3-6 nm.Indlela yokuphelisa i-boron ye-electrochemical nayo ityhiliwe kwaye ixoxwe.Ngaloo ndlela, indlela ecetywayo inokusebenza njengesixhobo esitsha sokuveliswa kwemveliso emikhulu ye-thin-layer burs kunye nokukhawulezisa uphuhliso lophando olunxulumene ne-burs kunye nezicelo zabo ezinokubakho.
Izinto ezi-2-dimensional (2D) zifumene umdla omkhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezizodwa ezifana nokuhamba kombane okanye iindawo ezibonakalayo ezisebenzayo.Ukuphuhliswa kwemathiriyeli yegraphene kutsalele ingqalelo kwezinye izinto ze-2D, ngoko ke izinto ezintsha ze-2D ziphandwa ngokubanzi.Ukongeza kwigraphene eyaziwayo, i-transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) efana ne-WS21, i-MoS22, i-MoSe3, kunye ne-WSe4 nayo ifundwe ngokunzulu kutshanje.Nangona izinto ezikhankanywe ngasentla, i-hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), i-phosphorus emnyama kunye ne-boronene esanda kuveliswa ngempumelelo.Phakathi kwabo, i-boron yatsala ingqalelo enkulu njengenye yezona nkqubo zincinci zine-dimensional.Yakhiwe njengegraphene kodwa ibonisa iimpawu ezinomdla ngenxa ye-anisotropy, i-polymorphism kunye nokwakheka kwekristale.Ubuninzi be-boron bubonakala njengesiseko sokwakha ibhloko kwi-icosahedron ye-B12, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekristale ze-boron zenziwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujoyina kunye nokudibanisa kwi-B12.Ngenxa yoko, iibhloko ze-boron zihlala zingamaleko njengegraphene okanye igraphite, enzima inkqubo yokufumana i-boron.Ukongezelela, ezininzi iifom ze-polymorphic ze-borophene (umz., α, β, α1, pmmm) zenza kube nzima ngakumbi5.Izigaba ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphunyeziweyo ngexesha lokudibanisa zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iipropati ze-harrows.Ke ngoko, uphuhliso lweendlela zokwenziwa ezenza ukuba kufumaneke i-borocenes ethe ngqo kwisigaba kunye nemilinganiselo emikhulu yecala kunye nobukhulu obuncinci beeflakes okwangoku zifuna uphononongo olunzulu.
Iindlela ezininzi zokudibanisa izinto ze-2D zisekelwe kwiinkqubo ze-sonochemical apho izinto ezininzi zifakwe kwi-solvent, ngokuqhelekileyo i-solvent ye-organic, kunye ne-sonicated iiyure eziliqela.URanjan et al.I-6 ikhuphe ngempumelelo isambuku se-boron kwi-borophene isebenzisa indlela echazwe ngasentla.Bafunda uluhlu lwe-solvents yezinto eziphilayo (i-methanol, i-ethanol, i-isopropanol, i-acetone, i-DMF, i-DMSO) kwaye yabonisa ukuba i-sonication exfoliation yindlela elula yokufumana i-boron flakes ezinkulu kunye ezincinci.Ukongeza, babonise ukuba indlela ye-Hummers elungisiweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha i-boron.I-stratification yolwelo ibonakaliswe ngabanye: Lin et al.I-7 isetyenziselwe i-crystalline boron njengomthombo wokudibanisa amacwecwe aphantsi kwe-β12-borene kwaye uwasebenzise ngakumbi kwiibhetri ze-lithium-sulfur ezisekelwe kwi-borene, kunye ne-Li et al.I-8 ibonise i-boronene sheets ezinomgangatho ophantsi..Inokufumaneka nge-sonochemical synthesis kwaye isetyenziswe njenge-electrode ye-supercapacitor.Nangona kunjalo, i-atomic layer deposition (ALD) ikwayenye yeendlela zokudibanisa ezantsi ukuya phezulu kweboron.UMannix et al.9 bafake iiathom zeboron kwinkxaso yesilivere esulungekileyo.Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukufumana amaphepha e-boronene e-ultra-pure, nangona kunjalo imveliso ye-laboratory-scale ye-boronene iyancipha kakhulu ngenxa yeemeko zenkqubo enzima (i-ultra-high vacuum).Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuphuhlisa izicwangciso ezintsha ezisebenzayo zokwenziwa kwe-boronene, ukucacisa indlela yokukhula / i-stratification, kwaye emva koko uqhube uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo lwethiyori yeempawu zayo, ezifana ne-polymorphism, ukuhanjiswa kombane kunye nokushisa.H. Liu et al.ezili-10 zixoxiwe kwaye zacacisa indlela yokukhula kwebhoron kwi-Cu(111) substrates.Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba iiathom zeboron zikholisa ukwenza amaqela ashinyeneyo e-2D asekwe kwiiyunithi ezinxantathu, kwaye amandla okwakheka aye ehla ngokuthe chu ngokunyuka kobungakanani beqela, icebisa ukuba amaqela e-2D boron kwisubstrates zobhedu anokukhula ngokungenasiphelo.Uhlalutyo oluthe kratya lwamaphepha e-boron anamacala amabini lunikezelwa nguD. Li et al.11, apho ii-substrates ezahlukeneyo zichazwe kwaye izicelo ezinokuthi zixoxwe.Kuboniswa ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho ukungangqinelani phakathi kwezibalo zethiyori kunye neziphumo zovavanyo.Ke ngoko, izibalo zethiyori ziyafuneka ukuze kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo iipropathi kunye neendlela zokukhula kwebhoron.Enye indlela yokufezekisa le njongo kukusebenzisa i-tape yokubambelela elula ukususa i-boron, kodwa oku kusencinci kakhulu ukuphanda iimpawu ezisisiseko kunye nokuguqula ukusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo12.
Indlela ethembisayo yobunjineli be-peeling yezinto ze-2D ezivela kwizinto ezininzi yi-electrochemical peeling.Apha enye ye-electrodes iqulethe izinto ezininzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iikhompawundi ezidla ngokukhutshwa ngeendlela ze-electrochemical ziqhuba kakhulu.Zifumaneka njengeentonga ezicinezelweyo okanye iipilisi.I-graphite inokukhutshwa ngempumelelo ngale ndlela ngenxa ye-conductivity ephezulu yombane.U-Achi kunye neqela lakhe14 baye bakhupha ngempumelelo igraphite ngokuguqula iintonga zegraphite zibe yigraphite ecinezelweyo phambi kwenwebu esetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukubola kwezinto ezininzi.Ezinye i-laminates ezinkulu zikhutshwe ngempumelelo ngendlela efanayo, umzekelo, usebenzisa i-Janus15 electrochemical delamination.Ngokufanayo, i-phosphorus emnyama elalayo i-electrochemically stratified, kunye nee-ion ze-electrolyte ezine-acidic ezisasazeka kwisithuba phakathi kweeleya ngenxa yombane osetyenziswayo.Ngelishwa, indlela efanayo ayinakusetyenziswa ngokulula kwi-stratification ye-boron kwi-borophene ngenxa ye-conductivity ephantsi yombane yezinto ezininzi.Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-boron powder ekhululekile ifakwe kwi-mesh yensimbi (nickel-nickel okanye i-copper-copper) ukuze isetyenziswe njenge-electrode?Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphembelela i-conductivity ye-boron, enokuthi iphinde ihlukaniswe nge-electrochemically njengenkqubo elayishiweyo yabaqhubi bombane?Ithini inqanaba le-boronene ephuhlisiweyo yomgangatho ophantsi?
Kolu phononongo, siphendula le mibuzo kwaye sibonisa ukuba esi sicwangciso silula sibonelela ngendlela entsha jikelele yokwenza i-burs encinci, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 1.
I-Lithium chloride (i-LiCl, i-99.0%, i-CAS: i-7447-41-8) kunye ne-boron powder (B, i-CAS: 7440-42-8) yathengwa kwi-Sigma Aldrich (USA).I-sodium sulfate (Na2SO4, ≥ 99.0%, CAS: 7757-82-6) inikwe kwi-Chempur (ePoland).I-Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, CAS: 67-68-5) esuka eKarpinex (ePoland) isetyenziswe.
I-Atomic force microscopy (i-AFM MultiMode 8 (Bruker)) inika ulwazi malunga nobukhulu kunye nobukhulu be-lattice yezinto ezilayishiwe.Ukuhanjiswa kwe-electron microscopy (HR-TEM) yesisombululo esiphezulu senziwe kusetyenziswa imakroskopu ye-FEI Tecnai F20 kumbane okhawulezayo wama-200 kV.Uhlalutyo lwe-atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-Hitachi Zeeman polarized atomic absorption spectrophotometer kunye ne-nebulizer yomlilo ukumisela ukufuduka kwee-ion zetsimbi kwisisombululo ngexesha lokukhutshwa kwe-electrochemical exfoliation.Ubungakanani be-zeta beboron eninzi bulinganiswe kwaye baqhutywa kwiZeta Sizer (ZS Nano ZEN 3600, Malvern) ukumisela ukubanakho komphezulu weboron isambuku.Ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neepesenti zeathom ezizalanayo zomphezulu weesampulu zaphononongwa yi-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).Imilinganiselo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-Mg Ka radiation (hν = 1253.6 eV) kwinkqubo ye-PREVAC (ePoland) exhotywe nge-Scienta SES 2002 ye-electron analyzer (eSweden) esebenza ngamandla ahanjiswa rhoqo (Ep = 50 eV).Igumbi lokuhlalutya likhutshwe kwixinzelelo elingaphantsi kwe-5 × 10-9 mbar.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-0.1 g ye-boron powder ehamba ngokukhululekile icinezelwa kuqala kwi-mesh mesh disk (nickel okanye ubhedu) usebenzisa i-hydraulic press.Idiski inobubanzi obuyi-15 mm.Iidiski ezilungiselelwe zisetyenziswa njenge-electrode.Zimbini iintlobo ze-electrolyte ezisetyenzisiweyo: (i) 1 M LiCl kwi-DMSO kunye (ii) ne-1 M Na2SO4 emanzini adiyoni.Ucingo lweplatinam lwalusetyenziswa njenge-electrode encedisayo.Umzobo oqingqiweyo wendawo yokusebenza uboniswe kuMfanekiso 1. Kwi-electrochemical stripping, i-current enikeziweyo (1 A, 0.5 A, okanye 0.1 A) isetyenziswe phakathi kwe-cathode kunye ne-anode.Ubude bovavanyo ngalunye yiyure enye.Emva koko, i-supernatant yaqokelelwa, i-centrifuged kwi-5000 rpm kwaye yahlamba amaxesha amaninzi (i-3-5 amaxesha) ngamanzi adibeneyo.
Iiparamitha ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezifana nexesha kunye nomgama phakathi kwee-electrode, zichaphazela i-morphology yemveliso yokugqibela yokuhlukana kwe-electrochemical.Apha sihlolisisa impembelelo ye-electrolyte, i-current esebenzayo (1 A, 0.5 A kunye ne-0.1 A; i-voltage 30 V) kunye nohlobo lwegridi yesinyithi (Ni ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bempembelelo).I-electrolyte ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zavavanywa: (i) 1 M lithium chloride (LiCl) kwi-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) kunye (ii) ne-1 M i-sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) kumanzi e-deionized (DI).Okokuqala, i-lithium cations (Li +) iya kudibanisa kwi-boron, ehambelana nentlawulo embi kwinkqubo.Kwimeko yokugqibela, i-anion ye-sulfate (SO42-) iya kudibanisa kwi-boron efanelekileyo.
Ekuqaleni, isenzo se-electrolyte engentla siboniswe kwi-current ye-1 A. Inkqubo ithatha iyure eli-1 kunye neentlobo ezimbini zeegridi zetsimbi (i-Ni kunye ne-Cu), ngokulandelanayo.Umzobo we-2 ubonisa umfanekiso we-atomic force microscopy (AFM) wezinto ezibangelwayo, kunye neprofayili yokuphakama ehambelanayo iboniswe kuMfanekiso S1.Ukongezelela, ukuphakama kunye nobukhulu beeflakes ezenziwe kwisilingo ngasinye ziboniswa kwiThebhile 1. Kubonakala ukuba, xa usebenzisa i-Na2SO4 njenge-electrolyte, ubukhulu beeflakes buncinci kakhulu xa usebenzisa igridi yobhedu.Xa kuthelekiswa nama-flakes ahlanjululwe phambi komphathi we-nickel, ubukhulu buyancipha ngamaxesha angama-5.Okubangela umdla kukuba, ubungakanani bokusabalalisa izikali kwakufana.Nangona kunjalo, i-LiCl / i-DMSO yayisebenza kakuhle kwinkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa isebenzisa zombini i-meshes yensimbi, okubangelwa i-5-15 i-borocene layers, efana namanye ama-exfoliating fluids, okubangelwa iindidi ezininzi ze-borocene7,8.Ke ngoko, uphononongo olongezelelweyo luya kutyhila ubume obucacileyo beesampulu ezifakwe kule electrolyte.
Imifanekiso ye-AFM yamaphepha e-borocene emva kwe-electrochemical delamination ibe yi-A Cu_Li+_1 A, B Cu_SO42−_1 A, C Ni_Li+_1 A, kunye no-D Ni_SO42−_1 A.
Uhlalutyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-electron microscopy yothumelo (TEM).Njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 3, ulwakhiwo lwebhoron ngobuninzi luyikristale, njengoko kungqinwa yimifanekiso ye-TEM yazo zombini ibhoron kunye ne-boron elayitiweyo, kunye ne-Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) ehambelanayo kunye neepateni ezilandelayo eziKhethekileyo ze-Electron Diffraction (SAED).Iintlukwano eziphambili phakathi kweesampuli emva kwenkqubo ye-delamination zibonakala lula kwimifanekiso ye-TEM, apho i-d-spacings ibukhali kwaye imigama imfutshane kakhulu (0.35-0.9 nm; I-Table S2).Ngelixa iisampuli ezenziwe kumnatha wobhedu zihambelana nesakhiwo se-β-rhombohedral ye-boron8, iisampuli ezenziwe kusetyenziswa i-nickel.umnathaifanise uqikelelo lwethiyori yeeparamitha zeletisi: β12 kunye ne-χ317.Oku kwangqina ukuba ulwakhiwo lwe-borocene lwaluyikristale, kodwa ubungqingqwa kunye nesakhiwo sekristale satshintsha xa kusenziwa i-exfoliation.Nangona kunjalo, ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuxhomekeka kwegridi esetyenzisiweyo (Cu okanye i-Ni) kwi-crystallinity ye-borene ephumela.I-Cu okanye i-Ni, ingaba yikristale enye okanye i-polycrystalline, ngokulandelanayo.Ukuguqulwa kweCrystal kufunyenwe nakwezinye iindlela zokukhupha18,19.Kwimeko yethu, inyathelo d kunye nesakhiwo sokugqibela sixhomekeke kakhulu kuhlobo lwegridi esetyenzisiweyo (Ni, Cu).Ukwahluka okuphawulekayo kunokufumaneka kwiipatheni ze-SAED, ezibonisa ukuba indlela yethu ikhokelela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zekristale ezifanayo.Ukongezelela, imephu ye-elemental (EDX) kunye ne-STEM imaging ibonise ukuba i-2D eyenziwe ngezinto eziphathekayo yayine-element boron (Fig. S5).Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda okunzulu kwesakhiwo, uphando olongezelelweyo lweempawu ze-borophenes ezenziweyo ziyafuneka.Ngokukodwa, uhlalutyo lwamaphethelo e-borene kufuneka luqhutyelwe, njengoko ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuzinzeni kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwe-catalytic20,21,22.
Imifanekiso ye-TEM yobuninzi be-boron A, B Cu_Li+_1 A kunye ne-C Ni_Li+_1 A kunye neepateni ezihambelanayo ze-SAED (A', B', C');Ufakelo olukhawulezayo lwe-Fourier transform (FFT) kumfanekiso weTEM.
I-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yenziwa ukufumanisa iqondo le-oxidation yeesampuli ezibhobhozayo.Ngexesha lokufudumeza kweesampuli ze-borophene, umlinganiselo we-boron-boron unyuke ukusuka kwi-6.97% ukuya kwi-28.13% (iThebhile S3).Okwangoku, ukunciphisa i-boron suboxide (BO) iibhondi kwenzeka ngokukodwa ngenxa yokuhlukana kwe-oxides yomhlaba kunye nokuguqulwa kwe-boron suboxide kwi-B2O3, njengoko kuboniswe ngokunyuka kwe-B2O3 kwiisampuli.Kwikhiwane.I-S8 ibonisa utshintsho kwi-bonding ratio yezinto ze-boron kunye ne-oxide xa kushushu.I-spectrum iyonke iboniswe kwifig.S7.Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba i-boronene i-oxidized ebusweni kwi-boron: i-oxide ratio ye-1: 1 ngaphambi kokufudumeza kunye ne-1.5: 1 emva kokufudumeza.Ukufumana inkcazo ethe kratya yeXPS, bona ulwazi oloNgezelelweyo.
Uvavanyo olulandelayo lwenziwa ukuvavanya umphumo wangoku osetyenziswayo phakathi kwee-electrode ngexesha lokuhlukana kwe-electrochemical.Iimvavanyo zenziwa kwimisinga ye-0.5 A kunye ne-0.1 A kwi-LiCl/DMSO, ngokulandelelanayo.Iziphumo zezifundo ze-AFM ziboniswe kwi-Fig.I-S2 kunye ne-S3.Ukuqwalasela ukuba ubukhulu be-borophene monolayer bu malunga ne-0.4 nm, i-12,23 kwiimvavanyo kwi-0.5 A kunye nobukho begridi yethusi, i-finnest flakes ihambelana ne-5-11 ye-borophene layers kunye ne-lateral dimensions malunga ne-0.6-2.5 μm.Ukongeza, kwiimvavanyo ngenickeliigridi, iiflakes ezinobubanzi obuncinci kakhulu (4.82-5.27 nm) zafunyanwa.Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-boron flakes efunyenwe ngeendlela ze-sonochemical zineesayizi ezifanayo ze-flake kuluhlu lwe-1.32-2.32 nm7 okanye 1.8-4.7 nm8.Ukongeza, i-electrochemical exfoliation yegraphene ecetywayo ngu-Achi et al.I-14 ibangele iiflakes ezinkulu (>30 µm), ezinokunxulumana nobungakanani bemathiriyeli yokuqalisa.Nangona kunjalo, iiflake zegraphene ziyi-2-7 nm ubukhulu.Iiflakes zobukhulu obufanayo kunye nobude bunokufumaneka ngokunciphisa i-current esetyenzisiweyo ukusuka kwi-1 A ukuya kwi-0.1 A. Ngaloo ndlela, ukulawula le parameter ye-texture engundoqo yezinto ze-2D isicwangciso esilula.Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimvavanyo ezenziwe kwigridi ye-nickel kunye ne-current ye-0.1 A ayiphumelelanga.Oku kungenxa ye-conductivity yombane ephantsi ye-nickel xa kuthelekiswa nobhedu kunye namandla anganeleyo afunekayo ukwenza i-borophene24.Uhlalutyo lwe-TEM lwe-Cu_Li+_0.5 A, Cu_Li+_0.1 A, Cu_SO42-_1 A, Ni_Li-_0.5 A kunye ne-Ni_SO42-_1 A iboniswe kwi-Figure S3 kunye ne-Figure S4, ngokulandelanayo.
Ukukhutshwa kwe-electrochemical ablation elandelwa yi-AFM imaging.(A) Cu_Li+_1A, (B) Cu_Li+_0.5A, (C) Cu_Li+_0.1A, (D) Ni_Li+_1A, (E) Ni_Li+_0.5A.
Apha siphinda sicebise indlela enokwenzeka yokwenza i-stratification ye-bulk drill kwi-drill-layer drills (umzobo 5).Ekuqaleni, i-bulk bur icinezelwe kwigridi ye-Cu / Ni ukuze iqhube ukuqhuba kwi-electrode, eyenze ngempumelelo i-voltage phakathi kwe-electrode encedisayo (i-Pt wire) kunye ne-electrode esebenzayo.Oku kuvumela i-ion ukuba ihambe nge-electrolyte kwaye ifakwe kwi-cathode / inode impahla, kuxhomekeke kwi-electrolyte esetyenziswayo.Uhlalutyo lwe-AAS lubonise ukuba akukho ion zakhululwa kwi-mesh yensimbi ngexesha lale nkqubo (jonga ulwazi olongezelelweyo).wabonisa ukuba i-ion kuphela esuka kwi-electrolyte inokungena kwisakhiwo se-boron.I-boron yorhwebo eninzi esetyenziswe kule nkqubo idla ngokubizwa ngokuthi "i-amorphous boron" ngenxa yokusabalalisa okungahleliwe kweeyunithi ze-primary cell, icosahedral B12, eshushu kwi-1000 ° C ukuze yenze i-β-rhombohedral structure (Fig. S6) 25 .Ngokutsho kwedatha, ii-lithium cations zingeniswa ngokulula kwisakhiwo se-boron kwinqanaba lokuqala kwaye zikrazule iziqwenga zebhetri ye-B12, ekugqibeleni zenze isakhiwo se-boronene esinamacala amabini kunye nesakhiwo esilawulwa kakhulu, njenge-β-rhombohedra, β12 okanye χ3 , ngokuxhomekeke kusetyenziso lwangoku kunye neumnathaimpahla.Ukutyhila ubudlelwane be-Li + kwi-boron eninzi kunye nendima yayo ephambili kwinkqubo ye-delamination, amandla ayo e-zeta (ZP) alinganiswe ukuba abe -38 ± 3.5 mV (jonga iNkcukacha eyoNgezelelweyo).Ixabiso elibi le-ZP le-boron eninzi libonisa ukuba i-intercalation ye-lithium cations isebenze ngakumbi kunezinye i-ion ezisetyenziswe kolu cwaningo (njenge-SO42-).Oku kukwachaza ukungena ngokufanelekileyo kwe-Li + kwisakhiwo se-boron, okukhokelela ekususweni okusebenzayo kwe-electrochemical.
Ngaloo ndlela, siye saqulunqa indlela entsha yokufumana i-borons ye-low-layer boron nge-electrochemical stratification ye-boron usebenzisa i-Cu / Ni grids kwi-Li +/DMSO kunye ne-SO42-/H2O isisombululo.Ikwabonakala inika imveliso kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kusetyenziso lwangoku kunye negridi esetyenzisiweyo.Indlela yenkqubo yokukhukula iphinde icetywe kwaye ixoxwe.Kunokugqitywa ukuba umgangatho olawulwa ngumgangatho ophantsi we-boronene unokuveliswa ngokulula ngokukhetha i-mesh yentsimbi efanelekileyo njengomphathi we-boron kunye nokuphucula usetyenziso lwangoku, olunokusetyenziswa ngakumbi kuphando olusisiseko okanye izicelo eziphathekayo.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, le yinzame yokuqala eyimpumelelo kwi-electrochemical stratification ye-boron.Kukholelwa ukuba le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha izinto ezingabonakaliyo kwiifom ezimbini-dimensional.Nangona kunjalo, ukuqonda okungcono kwesakhiwo kunye neepropathi ze-burs ezidibeneyo zomgangatho ophantsi ziyafuneka, kunye nophando olongezelelweyo.
Iiseti zedatha ezenziweyo kunye/okanye ezihlalutyiweyo ngexesha lophononongo lwangoku ziyafumaneka kwindawo yogcino lweRepOD, https://doi.org/10.18150/X5LWAN.
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