Tuubooyin bir ah oo isku xidhan ayaa ka soo baxay saqafka sare ee saqafka, iyagoo ku soo dhacaya dabaqa, kor u soo kacaya, soona baxaya, ilaa haddana laalan, sidii iyadoo si xamaasad leh hawada loogu qoray gacan weyn.Waxa loogu yeero "Chorro", ama qulqulka, dhab ahaantii waa luqadda xiisaha leh, ee aan la aqoonsanayn German-Venezuelan farshaxan Gego (1912-1994), oo uu si adag u aasaasay.birahaluqadda.
Gego waa mawduuca safarka weyn ee dib-u-fiirinta, Gego: Dimension of Infinity, kaas oo lagu soo bandhigi doono Museo Jumex ee Mexico City ilaa Febraayo 2023. Bandhigu wuxuu sii socon doonaa bisha Maarso ee Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum ee New York iyo dhammaadka Matxafka Guggenheim ee Bilbao.Dhanka kale, gallery LGDR ee Paris ayaa hadda bilaabay sahan farshaxan oo la yiraahdo Lines in Space.
Gego waxa uu ku bartay dhismaha dhismaha dalka Jarmalka.Gego waxa uu ka dhashay horusocod, qoys qani ah oo Yuhuudi ah oo ku nool Hamburg.Kaliya waxay bilawday samaynta farshaxanka markay tahay 41, oo ay dhiirigelisay lammaanaheeda, naqshadeeye garaafyada iyo farshaxanka Gerd Leifert.In kasta oo ay dib u bilawday shaqadeeda, waxa ay si degdeg ah u samaysay xirfad faneed caan ah oo saamayn ku leh waddankeedii ay qaadatay ee Venezuela, halkaas oo Gego ay magan-gelyo ka heshay ka dib markii ay ka soo carartay taliskii Nazi-ga 1939-kii.
Iyada oo ay dhiirigelisay fanka shaleemada maxalliga ah iyo soo saarista joomatari, waxay dib-u-eegis ku qabatay 1977-kii Sofia Imber, Matxafka Caracas ee Farshaxanka Casriga ah.Shaqadeeda guud ayaa wali laga arki karaa Caracas oo dhan waxayna wax ka dhigatay Jaamacadda Dhexe ee Venezuela iyo Dugsiga Naqshadeynta ee Neumann Foundation.
Ku rakibida Chorros ee Matxafka Barquisimeto, 1985. Lahaanshaha LGDR, sawirka Tony Russell.
"Hadafkeenu maaha kaliya inaan iibino, laakiin waa inaan ballaarino dhagaystayaasha iyo aqoonta Gego," ayuu yiri Emilio Steinberger, lammaane sare oo ka tirsan LGDR, kaasoo soo bandhigay bandhigga Paris oo uu la socdo aasaasaha gallery Dominique Levy.Tani waa bandhiggii saddexaad ee shaqada Gego tan iyo LGDR waxay noqotay goob ganacsi oo caalami ah oo ugu horreysay ee la shuraako ah hantideeda 2015.
Muhiimada ugu weyn ee hawshu waxay ahayd aqoon shakhsiyeed oo ku saabsan shaqooyinka Gego."Waa shaqo aad u gabay, heer sare ah oo lagu qadarin karo nolosha dhabta ah," ayuu raaciyay Steinberger."Sawirka silig ephemeral ee noocan oo kale ah kuma jiro [shabagga]."
Gego waxa ay caan ku tahay fankeeda la xidhiidha "daah-furnaanta", iyada oo diiday in ay ugu yeerto farshaxanno abuurkeeda, kuwaas oo ay aaminsan tahay in aan la burburin karin marka la barbardhigo."qaababka saddex-geesoodka ah ee alaabta adag.Marna maxaan samaynayaa!”ayay qortay.
Si taas loo gaaro, waxay si ciyaareysan u sahamisay dunta sidii wax “madax-bannaan” ah, oo iyada laga soo saarayqaab dhismeediyo asalka injineernimada ee Machadka Tignoolajiyada ee Stuttgart, halkaas oo ay ka mid ahayd kuwii ugu dambeeyay ee "Habeenkii dhalooyinka jabay" ama "Night of the crystals".Bandhig ka dhacay Kunstmuseum Stuttgart horraantii sanadkan ayaa diiradda lagu saaray saameynta asalkeeda farsamo ay ku yeelatay luqadeeda muuqaalka gaarka ah.
"Waxaa la i baray naqshadeeye ahaan in aan sawiro khadadka macne cad oo qeexaya qaabka ama meel bannaan, sida calaamado xaddidan oo aan weligood lahayn nolol iyaga u gaar ah.Sannado badan ka dib, waxaan ogaaday soo jiidashada khadadka laftooda," ayay qortay."Mararka qaar xariiqda dhexda ayaa muhiim u ah sida xariiqda lafteeda."
Gego oo ka shaqaynaysa rakibaadda Chorros ee Matxafka Barquisimeto, 1985. Lahaanshaha LGDR, sawirka Tony Russell.
Mid ka mid ah waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee bandhigga Paris wuxuu ahaa "Chorro" oo xor ah oo Gego bilaabay soo saarista 1979, mid ka mid ah ilaa 15 nooc oo waaweyn oo la sii daayo.Taas oo ay markii dambe ku dartay nooceeda cusub ee "Reticulárea" (macneheedu waa "goobaha shabakada"), oo ka kooban qaab-dhismeedyo mesh saddex xagal ah oo ka kooban fiilooyinka dhuuban ama ulo dhuuban ee shabagyada tidcan ee joomatariyada kala duwan."Aagagga qashin-qubka" way furmi karaan oo buuxin karaan qolka sida kooxuhu iskiis, ama waxay u dhacaan sida cajaladda.Waa kuwo aan joogto ahayn, organic, jilicsan iyo cosmic sababtoo ah waa tamar macdan ah oo gariiraya meel bannaan.Si ka duwan shabakadaha, ma laha xarun dhab ah, bilow, dhammaad, ama qeexid cad.
Waad ku mahadsan tahay qayb ahaan, sida ay hadalka u dhigtay, shaqadeeda oo ah "wax ku salaysan" iyo "abuurista madadaalo," Gego waxay u egtahay inay ka fogaato qaybaha farshaxanka iyo isbeddellada.Laga soo bilaabo 1950-yadii ilaa 1980-meeyadii, waxa ay dhexda u gashay dhaq-dhaqaaqyo ka dacwooday fannaanka Koonfurta Ameerika balse hareer maray.Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah farshaxanka kinetic, kaas oo ay ku jiraan asxaabteeda oo ay ku jiraan Jesús Rafael Soto iyo Carlos Cruz-Diez, iyo joomatari abstraction by Alejandro Otero, iyo sidoo kale dhaqdhaqaaqyada farshaxanka gobolka.
"Hal mar waxay ahayd mid aad u xanaaqsan oo waxay noqon kartaa wax kasta," ayay dib u xasuusataa inanteeda Esther Crespin Gunz furitaanka LGDR, taas oo si fudud loo aqoonsan karo sababtoo ah isku ekaanshaha qoyska.Introvert, Gego marar dhif ah ayay qoyskeeda kala hadashaa fankeeda waxayna inta badan door bidaa inay si madaxbanaan u shaqeyso, inkastoo cilmi baaris cusub oo laga sameeyay Matxafka Farshaxanka ee Stuttgart ay muujineyso inay la shaqeysay fanaaniin kale, oo ay ku jiraan qoob ka ciyaarka Venezuela iyo choreographer Sonya Sonoha.
"Markii ay ogaatay wax aan lahaynbirsiligga, iyadu iskeed ayay u shaqayn kartaa waxayna ahayd mid iskeed ah oo toos ah bilaw ilaa dhammaad, sababtoo ah uma baahnayn qof kale si uu u ogaado waxa ay samaynayso, "ayuu yidhi Crespin, naqshadeeye iyo mid ka mid ah aasaasayaasha.Fondación Gego ee Caracas, oo la abuuray ka dib dhimashadii farshaxanka.(Wiil kale ayaa ahaa rinjiile Elias Crespin.) Taas beddelkeeda, shaqooyinka guud ee waaweyn iyo qaababka hore ee xarriiqda isbarbar-dhigga ee laga sameeyay ulo bir ah oo culculus ayaa u baahday caawinta farsamoyaqaannada tababaran.
Gego kaligeed way shaqeysaa ama waxay shaqaaleysiisaa arday si uu uga caawiyo shaqooyinka waaweyn ee 3D, laakiin qaar badan oo ka mid ah sawirradeeda iyo midabada biyaha ee warqadda waxaa lagu sameeyaa istuudiyaha go'doonsan, wiilka Gego Thomas Gunz ayaa u sheegay Artnet News khadka taleefanka ee Say.Qaar badan oo ka mid ah shaqooyinkan ayaa lagu soo daray bandhigyada Paris iyo dib-u-fiirinta safarka.Shaqooyinka kale ee la soo bandhigay waxaa ka mid ah quruxdeeda "Dibujo sin papel" [sawir bilaa warqad ah], mesh spheres iyo qaabab kale, buugaag, daabacado, "Bichos" (xayawaan yaryar ama kuwa lamid ah), shaqada xariiqda barbar socota, iyo iyada dambe "Tejeduras" ).).
In kasta oo Guntz uu ka warqabay firfircoonida hooyadiis iyo xirfadeeda dabaaldega ee Venezuela, wuxuu yidhi "waxaan bilownay kaliya inaan fahanno muhiimada shaqadeeda dhimashadeeda ka dib, markii Matxafka Farshaxanka Fine ee Houston uu qabtay bandhiggii ugu horreeyay ee caalami ah [2002] .
"Inkasta oo ay jiraan dadaalo dhowr ah oo aqoonyahanno iyo kormeerayaal ah labaatankii sano ee la soo dhaafay si ay u abuuraan booska Gego ee qaanuunka casriga ah, haddana waxay weli tahay qof daahsoon gudaha Mareykanka," ayuu yiri Pablo Leon, curator Latin de la Barra.qoray.Farshaxanka Mareykanka ee Matxafka Guggenheim ee New York, iyo khabiirka kale Janine Gutiérrez-Guimaraes, iimaylka Artnet News.Labaduba waxay gacan ka geysteen horumarinta dib-u-fiirinta hadda, taas oo ujeedadeedu tahay in kor loo qaado "fahamka weyn iyo qadarinta shaqada [Gego] ee macnaha guud ee casriga ee qarniga 20-aad."Jidadka rotunda waxay muujinayaan sheekeysiga Gego uu la leeyahay hal-abuurayaasha kale iyo dadweynaha.
Muuqaalka Gego wuxuu runtii la kacay safar caalami ah oo dib-u-eegis ah 2002 Houston MFA show, oo asal ahaan soo abaabulay Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas, iyo tallaabo kale oo weyn ayaa ahayd bandhiggii ugu horreeyay ee 2013 ee Kunsthalle Kunsthalle ee Hamburg, Jarmalka.Waxay ku sii socotaa Matxafka Farshaxanka ee Stuttgart iyo Machadka Henry Moore ee Leeds, UK.
Bandhiga Hamburg “Gego.Khadka shay ahaan "wuxuu noqday bar bilow u ah aragtida shaqadeeda Yurub, qaar badanna waxay u furtay indhaha," ayay tiri Brigitte Kölle, oo ah xiriiriyaha bandhigga, "laakiin weli wax badan ayaa u dhiman. ”
Wakhtigaas, madxafku waxa kale oo uu lahaa bandhig barbar socda fanaanada Eva Hesse, oo iyaduna Hamburg uga soo carartay tareen caruur ah oo siday caruur Yuhuudi ah.
Kelle waxa ay sheegtay in aanay u malaynayn in Yuhuudnimada Gego ay ka qayb qaadatay soo daahitaankeedii Jarmalka, iyada oo xustay in tan iyo 1990-meeyadii, cilmi-baarayaashu ay si firfircoon u raadinayeen macluumaadka ku saabsan fannaaniinta Yuhuudda ee Jarmalka ka soo qaxay Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "sidoo kale waxaa jira heer cayiman oo ceeb ah," ayay tidhi.Bandhiga 2013 waxa kale oo ka muuqday tabeel lagu xusayo Gego, kaas oo uu ku rakibay sarkaal magaalada gurigeedii hore.
Gego oo ka shaqaynaysa rakibaadda Chorros ee Matxafka Barquisimeto, 1985. Lahaanshaha LGDR, sawirka Tony Russell.
Qoyska Goldschmidt ayaa maamulayay bangiga J. Goldschmidt Sohn tan iyo 1815. Gego, oo ah qofkii lixaad ee toddoba carruur ah, ayaa ahaa kii ugu dambeeyay ee ka taga guriga qoyska ee Hamburg.Iyada oo go'aansatey in ay sugto ilaa ay ka qalin jabineyso naqshadeeye, waxay ugu deeqday agabka guriga si ay ugu deeqdo sadaqo daqiiqaddii ugu dambeysay, waxay xirtay albaabka hore, waxayna ku tuurtay furaha Webiga Ulster.
"Dib-u-fiirinta, waxay ahayd khatar [inay sii jirto muddadaas dheer].Waxay ahayd khatar isku mid ah oo ka jirta Venezuela, iyada oo aan ogaanay halka ay ku taal khariidada, "ayuu yidhi Gunz."Qof waa inuu noqdaa mid u dambeeya."
Gego ayaa loo ogolaaday inay Venezuela ka soo gasho UK, halkaas oo qoyskeeda ugu dhow ay ka heleen hoy ku meel gaar ah.Venezuela, naag iyo ajnabi ahaan, waxay ku dhibtoonaysay inay shaqo ka hesho dhismaha waxayna guursatay Ernst Gunz 1940. Si wada jir ah ayay u fureen istuudiyo nashqad alwaax ah.Lamaanuhu waxay lahaayeen laba carruur ah, Thomas iyo Barbara.1951kii way kala tageen Gego waxay la kulantay lammaaneheeda nolosha Gerd Leifert.
Helitaanka Gego ee Waqooyiga Ameerika iyo Yurub waxaa sabab u ah xaqiiqda ah inay ahayd fanaanad Latin America ah, taasoo ka duwan qaar ka mid ah asxaabteeda caanka ah ee muuqaalka Venezuelan postmodern, waxay dooratay inay sii joogto Caracas halkii ay bixin lahayd lacag badan.waqtiga caasimadaha farshaxanka sida Paris ama New York.In aan lagu matalin goob ganacsi oo weyn waa arrin kale.
LGDR waxa ay shaqadii Gego ku haysay machadyo ay ka mid yihiin Matxafka San Francisco ee Farshaxanka Casriga ah iyo Matxafka Guggenheim ee Abu Dhabi, waxaanay sheegtay in ay xiiso ka abuurtay madxafyo badan, gaar ahaan maadaama uu farshaxanku haysto shaqooyin baaxad leh oo uu iibiyo.Qiimaha etchings wuxuu u dhexeeyaa $20,000, wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa warqad $50,000 ilaa $100,000, bulk wuxuu shaqeeyaa $250,000.Chorro naadirka ah oo xor ah ayaa lagu iibiyay wax ka yar $1.5 milyan.
Gego wuxuu ku qaatay waqti yar Ameerika.Sanadihii 60-aadkii waxay ka shaqeysay Machadka Pratt ee New York, ka dib waxay baratay waxbarashada Jaamacadda California ee Berkeley waxayna ku xardhaysay istuudiyaha lithographic Tamarind ee Los Angeles.1965, Matxafka Farshaxanka Casriga ah ee New York wuxuu soo bandhigay oo iibsaday shabakadeeda Esfera (Spheres), iyo 1971-kii waxay soo bandhigtay taxaneheeda Los Chorros bandhig kali ah oo ku yaal Betty Parsons Gallery ee New York.
"Hadday in badan sii joogi lahayd, sida fanaaniinta kale ee Latin America ee u soo guuray Maraykanka, waxaa laga yaabaa inay hesho aqoonsi dheeraad ah," wiilkeeda ayaa yidhi.“Laakiin taasi ma ahayn hadafkeeda markaas.Venezuela aad bay u noolayd [marka la eego] nolosha faneed oo ay u malaynaysay inay halkaas ka dhacayso. "Wuxuu ku daray: "Ma aysan dooneyn inay caan noqoto."
Tani waxay noqon kartaa run, laakiin Gego inanteeda Esther waxay sidoo kale la yaabban tahay haddii dunidu u baahan tahay wakhti dheeraad ah si ay ula qabsato Gego."Waxaa laga yaabaa inaanan diyaar u ahayn inaan barano shaqadeeda ilaa hadda," ayay tiri.
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