Umugozi wibyuma bifatanye bifitanye isano biva hejuru kurisenge, bikagwa hasi, bikubita hejuru kandi bigakomeza guhagarikwa, nkaho byanditswe mwumwuka mukiganza kinini.Uyu witwa "Chorro", cyangwa urujya n'uruza, mubyukuri ni ururimi rwumuhanzi, Gego (1912-1994) umuhanzi w’umudage-Venezuela utaramenyekana, kuva kera.icyumaururimi.
Gego ni yo ngingo nyamukuru y’ingendo zisubira inyuma, Gego: Dimension of Infinity, izerekanwa ahitwa Museo Jumex mu mujyi wa Mexico kugeza muri Gashyantare 2023. Imurikagurisha rizakomeza muri Werurwe mu nzu ndangamurage ya Solomon R. Guggenheim i New York kandi irangire mu nzu ndangamurage ya Guggenheim i Bilbao.Hagati aho, ububiko LGDR i Paris bwatangije ubushakashatsi bwabahanzi bwitwa Imirongo mu kirere.
Gego yize imyubakire mu Budage.Gego yavukiye mu muryango w'Abayahudi utera imbere, ukize i Hamburg.Yatangiye gukora ibihangano afite imyaka 41, abifashijwemo na mugenzi we, umushushanyo mbonera n’umuhanzi Gerd Leifert.Nubwo yatangiye umwuga we, yahise akora umwuga w'ubuhanzi uzwi cyane kandi ukomeye mu gihugu cye cya Venezuwela, aho Gego yahungiye nyuma yo guhunga ubutegetsi bw'Abanazi mu 1939.
Ahumekewe n'ubuhanzi bwa sinema bwaho ndetse no gukuramo geometrike, yakoze retrospective mu 1977 ahitwa Sofia Imber, inzu ndangamurage yubuhanzi bwa Caracas.Ibikorwa bye rusange birashobora kugaragara muri Caracas kandi yigishije muri kaminuza nkuru ya Venezuela no mu ishuri rya Neumann Foundation School of Design.
Gushyira Chorros mu Nzu Ndangamurage ya Barquisimeto, 1985. Tuyikesha LGDR, ifoto ya Tony Russell.
Emilio Steinberger, umufatanyabikorwa mukuru muri LGDR, wateguye imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris hamwe n’umushinga washinze imurikagurisha, Dominique Levy yagize ati: "Inshingano zacu ntabwo ari ukugurisha gusa, ahubwo ni ukwagura abumva ndetse n’ubumenyi bwa Gego."Iri ni imurikagurisha rya gatatu ryibikorwa bya Gego kuva LGDR ibaye imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryambere ryubucuruzi ryifatanije numutungo we muri 2015.
By'ingirakamaro cyane kubutumwa bwari ukumenyana kugiti cya Gego.Steinberger yongeyeho ati: "Ni umurimo w'igisigo, cyiza cyane ushobora gushimirwa mu buzima busanzwe."“Igishusho nk'iki cy'insinga ntikibaho [kuri net].”
Gego azwiho ubuhanzi bujyanye na “transparency”, yanga kwita ibihangano bye ibishusho, yizera ko bidashobora kurimburwa ugereranije.“Imiterere-itatu y'ibikoresho bikomeye.Nta na rimwe nkora iki! ”yaranditse.
Kugira ngo abigereho, arakina acuranga urudodo nkurwego "rwigenga", rwaturutse kuri weubwubatsin'ubuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'ikoranabuhanga rya Stuttgart, aho yari umwe mu ba nyuma muri “Ijoro ry'ikirahure kimenetse” cyangwa “Ijoro rya Crystal”.Imurikagurisha ryabereye i Kunstmuseum Stuttgart mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka ryibanze ku ngaruka ubumenyi bwe bwa tekinike bwagize ku mvugo ye idasanzwe.
Ati: “Nigishijwe nk'umwubatsi gushushanya imirongo ifite ibisobanuro bisobanutse bisobanura imiterere cyangwa umwanya, nk'ikimenyetso cy'imipaka itigera igira ubuzima bwonyine.Haciye imyaka myinshi, nasanze ubwiza bw'imirongo ubwabwo. ”“Rimwe na rimwe, umurongo uri hagati ni ngombwa kimwe n'umurongo ubwawo.”
Gego ukora ku iyinjizwa rya Chorros mu nzu ndangamurage ya Barquisimeto, 1985. Tuyikesha LGDR, ifoto ya Tony Russell.
Kimwe mu byaranze imurikagurisha ryabereye i Paris ni “Chorro” ku buntu Gego yatangiye gukora mu 1979, kimwe mu bisohokayandikiro 15 binini nk'ibi.Kuri nyuma yaje kongeramo udushya twa "Reticulárea" (bisobanura "imiyoboro y'urusobe"), igizwe n'inzu ya meshi ya mpandeshatu igizwe n'insinga zoroshye cyangwa inkoni zoroshye mu rushundura rwa geometrike zitandukanye.“Grid zone” irashobora gukingura no kuzuza icyumba nkinyenyeri zidasanzwe, cyangwa kugwa nka tapeste.Nibidasanzwe, kama, byoroshye kandi byisi kuko ni imbaraga zibyuma zinyeganyega mumwanya.Bitandukanye numuyoboro, ntabwo bafite ikigo gifatika, intangiriro, iherezo, cyangwa ibisobanuro bisobanutse.
Ndashimira igice, nkuko abivuga, umurimo we "ushingiye" no "guhanga kwishimisha," Gego akunda guhunga ibyiciro byubuhanzi.Kuva mu myaka ya za 1950 kugeza 1980, yahujwe ningendo zashushanyaga ibihangano byabanyamerika yepfo ariko birabarenga.Harimo ibihangano bya kinetic, bigaragaramo inshuti ze zirimo Jesús Rafael Soto na Carlos Cruz-Diez, hamwe na geometrike yakuwe na Alejandro Otero, hamwe nubuhanzi bukorerwa mukarere.
Umwuzukuru we Esther Crespin Gunz ubwo yafunguraga LGDR, wamenyekanye cyane kubera umuryango wasangaga agira ati: “Igihe kimwe yararakara cyane kandi yashoboraga kuba ikintu cyose.”Intore, Gego ni gake cyane aganira n’ubuhanzi bwe n’umuryango we kandi ubusanzwe ahitamo gukora mu bwigenge, nubwo ubushakashatsi bushya bwakorewe mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Stuttgart bwerekana ko yakoranye n’abandi bahanzi, barimo umubyinnyi wa Venezuwela hamwe n’umukorikori wa Sonya Sonoha.
“Igihe yavumburagaibyumainsinga, yashoboraga gukora wenyine kandi yari yihitiyemo kandi yayobora kuva mu ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo kuko atari akeneye undi muntu ngo amenye icyo akora. ”Crespin, umwubatsi akaba n'umwe mu bashinze.Fondación Gego muri Caracas, yaremye nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuhanzi..
Gego akora wenyine cyangwa aha akazi umunyeshuri kugira ngo afashe mu bikorwa binini bya 3D, ariko ibyinshi mu bishushanyo bye ndetse n’ibara ry'amazi ku mpapuro bikorerwa muri sitidiyo yitaruye, nk'uko umuhungu wa Gego, Thomas Gunz, yabitangarije Artnet News kuri telefoni na Say.Byinshi muribi bikorwa byashyizwe mu imurikagurisha rya Paris no gusubira inyuma.Ibindi bikorwa byerekanwe harimo "Dibujo sin papel" nziza cyane [gushushanya nta mpapuro], imiterere ya mesh nubundi buryo, ibitabo, icapiro, “Bichos” (inyamaswa nto cyangwa inyenzi), imirimo ibangikanye, hamwe na “Tejeduras” nyuma. ).).
N'ubwo Guntz yari azi umwuga wa nyina kandi wizihizaga muri Venezuwela, agira ati: “Twatangiye kumva gusa akamaro k'umurimo we nyuma y'urupfu rwe, ubwo inzu ndangamurage y’ubukorikori i Houston yakoraga imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya mbere ku giti cye [mu 2002] .
Pablo Leon, umuyobozi ushinzwe ikilatini de la Barra yagize ati: "N'ubwo hashyizweho ingufu n’intiti n’abashakashatsi bake batoranijwe mu myaka 20 ishize kugira ngo bamenye umwanya wa Gego mu gitabo cy’ibihe bigezweho, akomeza kuba umuntu udasobanutse muri Amerika."yanditse.Ubuhanzi bwabanyamerika mu nzu ndangamurage ya Guggenheim i New York, hamwe na mugenzi we ushinzwe amasomo Janine Gutiérrez-Guimaraes, kuri imeri kuri Artnet News.Bombi bafashije guteza imbere ibyasubiwemo, bigamije guteza imbere "kurushaho gusobanukirwa no guha agaciro umurimo wa Gego mu rwego rwo kuvugurura ikinyejana cya 20."ibitambambuga muri rotunda byerekana ibiganiro bya Gego nabandi baremye na rubanda.
Umwirondoro wa Gego wazamutse rwose mu rwego rwo kuzenguruka mpuzamahanga mu iserukiramuco rya Houston MFA ryo mu 2002, mu ntangiriro ryateguwe na Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas, kandi indi ntambwe nini ni igitaramo cya mbere gikomeye mu 2013 cyabereye i Kunsthalle Kunsthalle i Hamburg, mu Budage.Irakomereje mu nzu ndangamurage y'ubuhanzi i Stuttgart no mu kigo cya Henry Moore i Leeds, mu Bwongereza.
Imurikagurisha i Hamburg “Gego.Brigitte Kölle, umwe mu bashinzwe imurikagurisha yagize ati: “Umurongo nk'ikintu“ wabaye intangiriro yo kumva ko umurimo we mu Burayi, kandi kuri benshi wafunguye amaso. ”Ariko haracyari byinshi byo kugenda. ”
Muri kiriya gihe, inzu ndangamurage yari ifite kandi imurikagurisha risa n’umuhanzi Eva Hesse, na we wahunze Hamburg muri gari ya moshi y’abana yari itwaye abana b’Abayahudi.
Kelle yavuze ko atatekereza ko Ubuyahudi bwa Gego bwagize uruhare mu gutinda kwe mu Budage, avuga ko kuva mu myaka ya za 90, abashakashatsi bashakishaga amakuru ku bijyanye n'abahanzi b'Abayahudi b'Abayahudi b'impunzi baturutse mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.Ati: "Ariko nanone hari isoni runaka."Imurikagurisha rya 2013 ryanagaragayemo icyapa cyibutsa Gego, cyashyizweho n’umuyobozi w’umujyi mu cyahoze ari mu rugo rwe.
Gego ukora ku iyinjizwa rya Chorros mu nzu ndangamurage ya Barquisimeto, 1985. Tuyikesha LGDR, ifoto ya Tony Russell.
Umuryango wa Goldschmidt uyobora banki ya J. Goldschmidt Sohn kuva mu 1815. Gego, umwana wa gatandatu mu bana barindwi, ni we wa nyuma wavuye muri villa y’umuryango i Hamburg.Yahisemo gutegereza kugeza arangije amashuri y’umwubatsi, ku munota wa nyuma yatanze ibikoresho byo mu nzu mu bikorwa by’urukundo, afunga umuryango w’imbere, ajugunya urufunguzo mu ruzi rwa Ulster.
“Nsubije amaso inyuma, byari akaga [kuguma igihe kirekire].Byari ibyago nk'ibyo muri Venezuwela, nkaba ntazi aho biri ku ikarita, ”Gunz.“Umuntu agomba kuba uwanyuma.”
Gego yemerewe kwinjira muri Venezuwela avuye mu Bwongereza, aho umuryango we wa hafi wabonye icumbi ry'agateganyo.Muri Venezuwela, nk'umugore n'umunyamahanga, yaharaniye kubona akazi mu bwubatsi maze arongora Ernst Gunz mu 1940. Bose hamwe bafunguye sitidiyo yo mu nzu.Abashakanye babyaranye abana babiri, Thomas na Barbara.Mu 1951 baratandukanye maze Gego ahura na mugenzi we Gerd Leifert.
Gego yatinze kuvumburwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru no mu Burayi biterwa n'uko yari umuhanzi wo muri Amerika y'Epfo, utandukanye na bamwe mu rungano rwe ruzwi cyane mu bihe bya postmodern ya Venezuwela, yahisemo kuguma muri Caracas aho kwishyura menshi.igihe mumurwa mukuru wubuhanzi nka Paris cyangwa New York.Kudahagararirwa nubucuruzi bukomeye nubucuruzi nikindi kibazo.
LGDR yashyize ibikorwa bya Gego mu bigo nk’umurage w’ubuhanzi bugezweho bwa San Francisco ndetse n’inzu ndangamurage ya Guggenheim i Abu Dhabi, ikavuga ko byatanze inyungu mu ngoro ndangamurage nyinshi, cyane ko kuva uyu muhanzi afite ibikorwa binini byo kugurisha.Ibiciro bya etchings biri hagati ya 20.000 $, bikora kumpapuro 50.000 kugeza 100.000, naho byinshi bikora $ 250,000.Chorro idasanzwe yagurishijwe kugurishwa hejuru ya miliyoni 1.5 gusa.
Gego yamaze igihe gito muri Amerika.Mu myaka ya za 60 yakoraga mu kigo cya Pratt i New York, nyuma yiga ibijyanye na pedagogi muri kaminuza ya Californiya i Berkeley no gushushanya muri sitidiyo y’imyandikire ya Tamarind i Los Angeles.Mu 1965, inzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bugezweho i New York yerekanye kandi igura gride ye ya Esfera (Spheres), maze mu 1971 yerekanisha urukurikirane rwe rwa Los Chorros mu imurikagurisha ryabereye mu nzu mberabyombi ya Betty Parsons i New York.
Umuhungu we yagize ati: "Iyo agumaho igihe kirekire, kimwe n'abandi bahanzi bo muri Amerika y'Epfo bimukiye muri Amerika, yashoboraga kumenyekana cyane".“Ariko icyo nticyari intego ye icyo gihe.Venezuwela yari muzima [mu bijyanye n'ubuzima bw'ubuhanzi ku buryo yatekerezaga ko ari ho bibera. ”Yongeyeho ati: “Ntabwo yifuzaga kuba icyamamare.”
Ibi birashobora kuba ukuri, ariko umwuzukuru wa Gego Esther nawe yibaza niba isi ikeneye igihe kinini cyo gufata Gego.Ati: “Birashoboka ko tutari twiteguye kwiga ibijyanye n'akazi ke kugeza ubu.”
© Artnet Worldwide Corporation, 2022 г.isnewsletter = pagetypeurl. ikubiyemo (“? page_1 ″); w = pagetype + 20 * Imibare.hasi (w / 20), h = pagetype + 20 * Imibare. ”, W), googletag.pubads (). Gushiraho Intego (“ uburebure ”, h), 1 == isnewsletter && googletag.pubads (). w = tip страницы + 20 * Imibare.hasi (w / 20), h = tip страницы + 20 * Imibare.hasi (h / 20), googletag.cmd.push (imikorere () {googletag.pubads (). "Ubugari", w), googletag.pubads (). Gushiraho Intego ("высота", h), 1 == isnewsletter && googletag.pubads (). w = pagetype + 20 * Imibare.hasi (w / 20), h = pagetype + 20 * Imibare. ”, W), googletag.pubads (). Gushiraho Intego (“ uburebure ”, h), 1 == isnewsletter && googletag.pubads (). w = tip страницы + 20 * Imibare.hasi (w / 20), h = tip страницы + 20 * Imibare.hasi (h / 20), googletag.cmd.push (imikorere () {googletag.pubads (). "宽度", w), googletag.pubads (). Gushiraho Intego ("высота", h), 1 == isnewsletter && googletag.pubads (). (imikorere defernl () {niba (idirishya. 14}, ifunzeSignupBar: {expiration_days: 5}}; var generalSettings = {umutwaroFontAwesome: ibinyoma}; niba (! Idirishya. umutwe, ihuza = inyandiko.createElement ('ihuza'); ihuza.ubwoko = 'inyandiko / css'; ihuza.rel = 'urupapuro rwerekana'; ihuza.href = dosiye Izina; umutwe.appendChild (ihuza); var kwiyandikisha = ”// kwihisha kuri terefone zigendanwa + '@media (ubugari bwa max: 575px) {# ouibounce-modal {kwerekana: ntayo! ingenzi;}}' + '@media (ubugari bwa max: 767px) {.funga -signup {hejuru: 0! ingenzi;}} '+' @media (max-ubugari: 1199px) + ”+” + ”+” + . : 14}, GufungaSignupBar: {дней_истечения: 5}}; var rusangeIbikoresho = .umutwe, ihuza = inyandiko.remaElement ('ihuza'); ihuza.ubwoko = 'inyandiko / css'; ihuza.rel = 'urupapuro rwerekana'; ihuza.href = dosiye Izina; umutwe.appendChild (ihuza); {var signup = ”// скрыть на мобильных хезмәтах + '@media (ubugari bwa max: 575px) {# ouibounce-modal {kwerekana: ntayo! ingenzi;}}' + '@media (ubugari bwa max: 767px) {. gufunga-kwiyandikisha {hejuru: 0! ingenzi;}} '+' @media (max-ubugari: 1199px) ”+” + ”+” + ”+ (imikorere defernl () {niba (idirishya. 14}, ifunzeSignupBar: {expiration_days: 5}}; var generalSettings = {umutwaroFontAwesome: ibinyoma}; niba (! Idirishya. umutwe, ihuza = inyandiko.createElement ('ihuza'); ihuza.ubwoko = 'inyandiko / css'; ihuza.rel = 'urupapuro rwerekana'; ihuza.href = dosiye Izina; umutwe.appendChild (ihuza); var signup = ”// 在 手机 上 隐藏 + '@media (max-ubugari: 575px) {# ouibounce-modal {kwerekana: ntayo! ingenzi;}}' + '@media (ubugari bwa max: 767px) {. -signup {hejuru: 0! ingenzi;}} '+' @media (max-ubugari: 1199px) + ”+” + ”+” + '' 我们 的 编辑 那里 获取 每天 发送 发送 您 的 + + + + + . : 14}, GufungaSignupBar: {дней_истечения: 5}}; var rusangeIbikoresho = .umutwe, ihuza = inyandiko.remaElement ('ihuza'); ihuza.ubwoko = 'inyandiko / css'; ihuza.rel = 'urupapuro rwerekana'; ihuza.href = dosiye Izina; umutwe.appendChild (ihuza); {var signup = ”// 在 手机 上 隐藏 + '@media (max-ubugari: 575px) {# ouibounce-modal {kwerekana: ntayo! ingenzi;}}' + '@media (ubugari: 767px) {. gufunga-kwiyandikisha {hejuru: 0! ingenzi;}} '+' @media (max-ubugari: 1199px) ”+” + ”+” + ”+ '' 我们 的 编辑 那里 获取 直接 发送 到 您 的 + + + + +”+” + ”+ '请 输入 有效 的 电子邮件 地址' +” + ”+” + '注册 失败。 请 稍后 再试+ ”+” + ”+” + '' 您 的 订阅！ '+ ”+'
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