M’kati mwa Mkuntho Waukulu wa Ice M’chaka cha 1998, madzi oundana anaundana pazingwe za magetsi ndi m’mitengo, n’kuchititsa kuti kumpoto kwa United States ndi kum’mwera kwa Canada kufooke, ndipo ambiri anasiya kuzizira ndi mumdima kwa masiku ambiri ngakhalenso milungu.Kaya ndi makina opangira mphepo, nsanja zamphamvu, ma drones kapena mapiko a ndege, kulimbana ndi madzi oundana nthawi zambiri kumadalira njira zomwe zimawononga nthawi, zodula komanso / kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana.Koma poyang'ana chilengedwe, ofufuza a McGill akuganiza kuti apeza njira yatsopano yothetsera vutoli.Anauziridwa ndi mapiko a ma penguin amtundu wa gentoo, a penguin omwe amasambira m'madzi oundana a m'chigawo cha Antarctic, omwe ubweya wawo sumaundana ngakhale kutentha kwa kunja kukutsika kwambiri.
Tidafufuza kaye za masamba a lotus, omwe ndi abwino kwambiri pakuwotcha madzi, koma zidapezeka kuti sagwira ntchito bwino pakuwotcha madzi.adatero Ann Kitzig, pulofesa wothandizira wa mankhwala opangira mankhwala ku yunivesite ya McGill ndi mkulu wa Biomimetic Surface Engineering Lab, yomwe yakhala ikuyang'ana njira yothetsera vutoli kwa zaka pafupifupi khumi, zomwe zingathe kuchotsa madzi ndi ayezi.“
Chithunzi chakumanzere chikuwonetsa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a nthenga ya penguin (pafupifupi 10-micron choyikapo ndikufanana ndi 1/10 m'lifupi mwa tsitsi la munthu, kupereka lingaliro lamulingo).kuchokera ku nthenga za nthambi."Hooks" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza tsitsi la nthenga limodzi kuti apange makapeti.Kumanja kuli waya wachitsulo chosapanga dzimbirinsaluzomwe ochita kafukufuku adazikongoletsa ndi ma nanogrooves, kutengera mawonekedwe a nthenga za penguin (waya wachitsulo wokhala ndi nanogrooves pamwamba).
"Tinapeza kuti kakonzedwe ka nthengazo kamene kamapereka madzi, ndipo malo awo otsetsereka amachepetsa madzi oundana," akufotokoza motero Michael Wood, wophunzira waposachedwa yemwe amagwira ntchito ndi Kitziger, yemwe ndi m'modzi mwa olemba nawo kafukufukuyu.Olemba asindikiza nkhani yatsopano mu ACS Applied Material Interfaces."Tinatha kutengera izi ndi ma waya odulidwa a laser."
Kitzig anawonjezera kuti: "Zitha kuwoneka ngati zosagwirizana, koma chinsinsi chosungunula madzi oundana ndikuti ma pores onse pa mauna amamwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira.Madzi a m’mabowowa ndi omalizira kuzizira, ndipo akamafutukuka, amapangika ming’alu ngati mmene mumaonera m’mathiremu oundana a ice cube.Timafunikira khama lochepa kwambiri kuti tichotse ayezi pagululi, chifukwa ming'alu ya dzenje lililonse imazungulira mosavuta pamwamba pa mawaya olukawa.
Ochita kafukufukuwo adayesa mazenera amphepo pamalo opindika ndipo adapeza kuti mankhwalawa anali othandiza 95 peresenti poletsa icing kuposa mapanelo achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri.Popeza palibe mankhwala opangira mankhwala omwe amafunikira, njira yatsopanoyi imapereka njira yothetsera vuto lomwe lingakhale lopanda kukonza vuto la mapangidwe a ayezi pamakina opangira mphepo, mizati yamagetsi, mizere yamagetsi ndi ma drones.
"Poganizira kuchuluka kwa malamulo oyendetsa ndege ndi zoopsa zomwe zingachitike, n'zokayikitsa kuti mapiko a ndege angangokulungidwa ndi chitsulo.mauna,” anawonjezera Kitzig.Komabe, tsiku lina pamwamba pa mapiko a ndege angakhale ndi mmene mapiko a ndegeyo amaonekera, ndipo kudumphaku kudzachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachikhalidwe zochotsera chipale chofewa.Pamwambapa pali mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi mapiko a penguin..maonekedwe apamwamba."
"Nthawi zodalirika zotsutsana ndi icing zochokera ku ntchito ziwiri - ice flaking chifukwa cha microstructure ndi ngalande zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi nanostructure", ndi Michael J. Wood, Gregory Brock, Juliette Debret, Philippe Servio ndi Anne-Marie Kitzig, lofalitsidwa mu ACS Appl.matt.interface
Yakhazikitsidwa ku Montreal, Quebec mu 1821, McGill University ndi yunivesite yoyamba yachipatala ku Canada.McGill nthawi zonse amakhala pakati pa mayunivesite abwino kwambiri mdziko muno komanso padziko lonse lapansi.Ndilo "lodziwika padziko lonse lapansi" la maphunziro apamwamba lomwe lili ndi kafukufuku m'masukulu atatu, madipatimenti 11, masukulu 13 akatswiri, mapulogalamu ophunzirira 300 ndi ophunzira opitilira 40,000, kuphatikiza ophunzira opitilira 10,200.McGill amakopa ophunzira ochokera kumayiko opitilira 150, ndipo ophunzira ake 12,800 apadziko lonse lapansi amapanga 31% ya gulu lake la ophunzira.Oposa theka la ophunzira a McGill amalankhula chilankhulo china osati Chingerezi, ndipo pafupifupi 19 peresenti ya ophunzirawa amaona Chifalansa kukhala chinenero chawo choyamba.