Chingwe cha mapaipi achitsulo olumikizika amaphulika kuchokera kudenga, kugwera pansi, kumadumphira mmwamba ndi kunja, ndipo kumakhalabe kuyimitsidwa, ngati kuti kwalembedwa mwachidwi mumlengalenga ndi dzanja la chimphona.Chomwe chimatchedwa "Chorro", kapena kutuluka, kwenikweni ndi chilankhulo cha wojambula wakale waku Germany-Venezuelan Gego (1912-1994), yemwe adakhazikitsidwa movutikira.zitsulochinenero.
Gego ndi mutu wa ulendo wopita patsogolo, Gego: Dimension of Infinity, yomwe idzawonetsedwa ku Museo Jumex ku Mexico City mpaka February 2023. Chiwonetserochi chidzapitirira mu March ku Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum ku New York ndikutha. ku Guggenheim Museum ku Bilbao.Pakalipano, nyumba ya LGDR ku Paris yangoyambitsa kafukufuku wojambula wotchedwa Lines in Space.
Gego anaphunzira za zomangamanga ku Germany.Gego anabadwira m'banja lachiyuda lopita patsogolo, lolemera ku Hamburg.Anangoyamba kupanga zaluso ali ndi zaka 41, mouziridwa ndi mnzake, wojambula zithunzi ndi wojambula Gerd Leifert.Ngakhale kuti anayamba ntchito yake mochedwa, posakhalitsa anayamba ntchito yodziwika bwino komanso yotchuka m’dziko limene anatengera ku Venezuela, kumene Gego anathawira atathawa ulamuliro wa chipani cha Nazi mu 1939.
Mouziridwa ndi zaluso zamakanema am'deralo komanso mawonekedwe a geometric, adachita zowonera mu 1977 ku Sofia Imber, Caracas Museum of Contemporary Art.Ntchito zake zapagulu zimawonedwabe ku Caracas ndipo waphunzitsa ku Central University of Venezuela komanso ku Neumann Foundation School of Design.
Kuyika kwa Chorros ku Barquisimeto Museum, 1985. Mwachilolezo cha LGDR, chithunzi cha Tony Russell.
"Ntchito yathu sikuti imangogulitsa, koma kukulitsa omvera ndi chidziwitso cha Gego," adatero Emilio Steinberger, mnzake wamkulu ku LGDR, yemwe adayang'anira chiwonetsero cha Paris ndi woyambitsa nawo nyumba wazithunzi Dominique Levy.Ichi ndi chiwonetsero chachitatu cha ntchito za Gego kuyambira pomwe LGDR idakhala malo oyamba azamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi kuti agwirizane ndi chuma chake mu 2015.
Chofunika kwambiri pa ntchitoyi chinali kudziwana ndi ntchito za Gego.Steinberger anawonjezera kuti: “Ili ntchito yandakatulo kwambiri, yabwino kwambiri imene ingayamikidwe m’moyo weniweni."Chiboliboli chawaya choterechi sichipezeka [pa ukonde]."
Gego amadziwika chifukwa cha luso lake logwirizana ndi "kuwonekera", kukana kumutcha ziboliboli zolengedwa, zomwe amakhulupirira kuti sizingawonongeke poyerekeza."Mawonekedwe amitundu itatu azinthu zolimba.Palibe chomwe ndikuchita!"iye analemba.
Kuti izi zitheke, amasanthula ulusiwo ngati "chodziyimira pawokha", chopangidwa kuchokera kwa iyezomangamangandi maziko a uinjiniya ku Stuttgart Institute of Technology, komwe anali m'modzi mwa omaliza mu "Night of Broken Glass" kapena "Night of the Crystals".Chiwonetsero ku Kunstmuseum Stuttgart koyambirira kwa chaka chino chikuwonetsa momwe luso lake laukadaulo limakhudzira chilankhulo chake chapadera.
"Ndinaphunzitsidwa monga katswiri wa zomangamanga kuti ndijambule mizere yomveka bwino yomwe imatanthawuza mawonekedwe kapena malo, monga zizindikiro za malire omwe alibe moyo wawokha.Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, ndinazindikira kukongola kwa mizere yokhayo,” akulemba motero."Nthawi zina mzere wapakati umakhala wofunikira ngati mzere womwewo."
Gego akugwira ntchito yoyika Chorros ku Barquisimeto Museum, 1985. Mwachilolezo cha LGDR, chithunzi cha Tony Russell.
Chimodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pachiwonetsero cha Paris chinali "Chorro" yodziyimira payokha yomwe Gego adayamba kupanga mu 1979, imodzi mwazotulutsa zazikulu pafupifupi 15 zamtundu wake.Kumene pambuyo pake adawonjeza zatsopano za "Reticulárea" (kutanthauza "malo ochezera"), opangidwa ndi mawaya atatu opangidwa ndi mawaya opyapyala kapena ndodo zoonda mu maukonde oluka amitundu yosiyanasiyana."Gridi zone" akhoza kutseguka ndi kudzaza chipinda ngati milalang'amba modzidzimutsa, kapena kugwa ngati tapestry.Ndizosakhazikika, organic, zosalimba komanso zakuthambo chifukwa ndi mphamvu zachitsulo zomwe zimanjenjemera mumlengalenga.Mosiyana ndi maukonde, alibe malo enieni, chiyambi, mapeto, kapena tanthauzo lomveka.
Tithokoze mwa zina, monga akunenera, ntchito yake kukhala "yochita" komanso "kupanga zosangalatsa," Gego amakonda kupeŵa magulu aluso ndi machitidwe.Kuyambira m'ma 1950 mpaka m'ma 1980, idadutsana ndi mayendedwe omwe adawonetsa zojambula zaku South America koma adazidutsitsa.Izi zikuphatikiza luso la kinetic, lomwe limakhala ndi abwenzi ake kuphatikiza Jesús Rafael Soto ndi Carlos Cruz-Diez, ndi mawonekedwe a geometric a Alejandro Otero, komanso mayendedwe azithunzi a konkire.
"Panthaŵi ina anali wokwiya kwambiri ndipo akanatha kukhala chilichonse," akukumbukira mdzukulu wake Esther Crespin Gunz potsegulira LGDR, yomwe inkadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha kufanana kwa banja.Wodziwika bwino, Gego samakonda kukambirana za luso lake ndi banja lake ndipo nthawi zambiri amakonda kugwira ntchito payekha, ngakhale kafukufuku watsopano wochokera ku Stuttgart Museum of Art akuwonetsa kuti adagwirizana ndi akatswiri ena ojambula, kuphatikiza wovina waku Venezuela komanso wojambula nyimbo Sonya Sonoha.
"Pamene adapeza kuti alibe bangazitsulowaya, ankatha kugwira ntchito payekha ndipo ankangochita zinthu mwachisawawa komanso mosapita m’mbali chifukwa sankafuna kuti munthu wina adziwe zimene anali kuchita,” anatero Crespin, katswiri wa zomangamanga komanso mmodzi wa oyambitsa.Fondación Gego ku Caracas, yomwe idapangidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya wojambula.(Mdzukulu wina anali wojambula Elias Crespin.) Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ntchito zazikulu za anthu onse ndiponso ziboliboli zakale zokhala ndi mizere yofanana zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zolemera kwambiri zinafunikira thandizo la amisiri ophunzitsidwa bwino.
Gego amagwira ntchito yekha kapena amalemba ganyu wophunzira kuti athandize ntchito zazikulu za 3D, koma zojambula zake zambiri ndi utoto wamadzi pamapepala amapangidwa mu studio yakutali, mwana wa Gego Thomas Gunz adauza Artnet News pafoni ndi Say.Zambiri mwa ntchitozi zaphatikizidwa muzowonetsera za Parisian ndi zowonera zakale.Ntchito zina zosonyezedwa ndi “Dibujo sin papel” [zojambula zopanda pepala] zokongola kwambiri, zozungulira mauna ndi mitundu ina, mabuku, zosindikizira, “Bichos” (tinyama ting’onoting’ono kapena tizikumbu), mizere yofananira, ndipo pambuyo pake “Tejeduras” ( malungo. ).).
Ngakhale kuti Guntz ankadziwa za ntchito imene amayi ake ankagwira komanso yodziwika bwino ku Venezuela, ananena kuti “tinangoyamba kumvetsa kufunikira kwa ntchito yawo atamwalira, pamene Museum of Fine Arts ku Houston inachititsa chionetsero chake choyamba chapadziko lonse lapansi [mu 2002] .
“Ngakhale kuti akatswiri angapo osankhidwa ndi oyang’anira anayesetsa m’zaka makumi aŵiri zapitazi kuti atsimikizire malo a Gego m’gulu la mabuku ovomerezeka amakono, iye akadali munthu wosadziwika bwino ku United States,” anatero Pablo Leon, woyang’anira Latin de la Barra.analemba.American Art ku Guggenheim Museum ku New York, ndi wothandizira mnzake Janine Gutiérrez-Guimaraes, mu imelo ku Artnet News.Onse aŵiri anathandiza kukulitsa chidziŵitso chamakono, chimene cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa “kumvetsetsa ndi kuyamikira ntchito [za Gego] m’chitsanzo cha zinthu zamakono za m’zaka za zana la 20.”mabwalo mu rotunda amawunikira zokambirana za Gego ndi opanga ena komanso anthu.
Mbiri ya Gego idakweradi ndikuwonetsanso zoyendera zapadziko lonse lapansi pa chiwonetsero cha 2002 Houston MFA, chomwe chidakonzedwa ndi Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas, ndipo gawo lina lalikulu linali chiwonetsero chachikulu choyamba mu 2013 ku Kunsthalle Kunsthalle ku Hamburg, Germany.Ikupitilira ku Art Museum ku Stuttgart ndi Henry Moore Institute ku Leeds, UK.
Chiwonetsero ku Hamburg "Gego.Mzere ngati chinthu "wakhala poyambira kuti azindikire ntchito yake ku Ulaya, ndipo kwa ambiri watsegula maso," anatero Brigitte Kölle, wothandizira nawo chionetserocho, "koma pali zambiri zoti zichitike. ”
Panthawiyo, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inalinso ndi chiwonetsero chofanana cha wojambula Eva Hesse, yemwenso anathawa ku Hamburg pa sitima ya ana yonyamula ana achiyuda.
Kelle adanena kuti sakuganiza kuti Chiyuda cha Gego chinamuthandiza kuti achedwe ku Germany, ponena kuti kuyambira 1990s, ofufuza akhala akuyang'ana kwambiri za akatswiri achiyuda achijeremani othawa kwawo ku nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse.Komabe, “palinso pamlingo wina wa manyazi,” iye anatero.Pachionetserochi mu 2013 panalinso chikwangwani chokumbukira Gego, chomwe chinaikidwa ndi mkulu wina wa mumzinda m’nyumba yake yakale.
Gego akugwira ntchito yoyika Chorros ku Barquisimeto Museum, 1985. Mwachilolezo cha LGDR, chithunzi cha Tony Russell.
Banja la Goldschmidt lakhala likuyendetsa banki ya J. Goldschmidt Sohn kuyambira 1815. Gego, wachisanu ndi chimodzi mwa ana asanu ndi awiri, anali womaliza kuchoka ku nyumba ya banja ku Hamburg.Poganiza zodikirira mpaka atamaliza maphunziro ake monga womanga nyumba, adapereka mipando yanyumbayo kwa opereka chithandizo mphindi yomaliza, adatseka chitseko chakumaso, ndikuponya kiyi mumtsinje wa Ulster.
“Ndikayang'ana m'mbuyo, zinali zowopsa [kukhalabe nthawi yayitali].Zinalinso pachiwopsezo ku Venezuela, osadziwa komwe kunali pamapu, "adatero Gunz.Winawake ayenera kukhala womaliza.
Gego adaloledwa kulowa ku Venezuela kuchokera ku UK, komwe achibale ake adapeza malo osakhalitsa.Ku Venezuela, pokhala mkazi komanso mlendo, anavutika kuti apeze ntchito yomanga ndipo anakwatira Ernst Gunz mu 1940. Onse pamodzi anatsegula situdiyo yopangira mipando yamatabwa.Banjali linali ndi ana awiri, Thomas ndi Barbara.Mu 1951 adasiyana ndipo Gego anakumana ndi bwenzi lake Gerd Leifert.
Kupeza mochedwa kwa Gego ku North America ndi ku Ulaya ndi chifukwa chakuti anali wojambula wa ku Latin America yemwe, mosiyana ndi anzake odziwika bwino ku Venezuelan postmodern scene, adasankha kukhala ku Caracas m'malo molipira zambiri.nthawi m'mikulu ya zojambulajambula monga Paris kapena New York.Kusayimiriridwa ndi malo akuluakulu azamalonda ndi nkhani ina.
LGDR yakhala ikugwira ntchito ya Gego m'mabungwe monga San Francisco Museum of Modern Art ndi Guggenheim Museum ku Abu Dhabi, ndipo akuti yapanga chidwi kuchokera ku malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ambiri, makamaka popeza wojambulayo ali ndi ntchito zochepa zogulitsa.Mitengo ya etchings imachokera ku $20,000, imagwira ntchito pamapepala $50,000 mpaka $100,000, ndipo zochuluka zimagwira $250,000.Chorro yosowa yodziyimira payokha idagulitsidwa kupitilira $1.5 miliyoni.
Gego anakhala nthawi yochepa ku America.M'zaka za m'ma 60s adagwira ntchito ku Pratt Institute ku New York, kenako adaphunzira uphunzitsi ku yunivesite ya California ku Berkeley ndikujambula pa studio ya Tamarind lithographic ku Los Angeles.Mu 1965, Museum of Modern Art ku New York adawonetsa ndikumugula gridi ya Esfera (Spheres), ndipo mu 1971 adawonetsa mndandanda wake wa Los Chorros pachiwonetsero chayekha ku Betty Parsons Gallery ku New York.
"Akadakhala nthawi yayitali, monga akatswiri ena aku Latin America omwe adasamukira ku US, akadakhala odziwika kwambiri," adatero mwana wake wamwamuna.Koma panthawiyo sichinali cholinga chake.Venezuela anali wamoyo [mwa] luso lazojambula moti ankaganiza kuti zikuchitika kumeneko. "Anawonjezera kuti: “Sanafune kukhala wotchuka.
Izi zikhoza kukhala zoona, koma Esther, mdzukulu wa Gego, akukayikiranso ngati dziko likufunikira nthawi yochuluka kuti agwirizane ndi Gego.Iye anati: “Mwina tinalibe okonzeka kuphunzira za ntchito yake mpaka pano.
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