Raws li lub teeb mus los ntawm qhov chaw, nws yog stretched tawm los ntawm expansion ntawm lub ntug.Qhov no yog vim li cas ntau yam khoom nyob deb tshaj plaws ci nyob rau hauv infrared, uas muaj lub wavelength ntev dua li pom lub teeb.Peb tsis tuaj yeem pom lub teeb thaum ub no nrog lub qhov muag liab qab, tab sis James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) tau tsim los ntes nws, nthuav tawm qee lub galaxies ntxov tshaj plaws uas tau tsim.
Aperture Masking: Ib qho perforatedhlauphaj thaiv tawm qee lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub koob yees duab, tso cai rau nws los ua tus interferometer uas sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ntau lub tsom iav kom ua tiav qhov kev daws teeb meem siab dua li ib lub lens.Txoj kev no nthuav tawm ntau qhov nthuav dav hauv cov khoom ci ntsa iab nyob ze, xws li ob lub hnub qub nyob ze saum ntuj.
Micro Gate Array: Ib daim phiaj ntawm 248,000 lub rooj vag me tuaj yeem qhib lossis kaw los ntsuas qhov spectrum - qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm lub teeb mus rau nws qhov sib xyaw wavelengths - ntawm 100 cov ntsiab lus hauv ib lub thav duab.
Spectrometer: Lub grating lossis prism cais qhov teeb meem teeb meem rau hauv ib lub spectrum los qhia qhov kev siv ntawm ib tus neeg wavelengths.
Lub koob yees duab: JWST muaj peb lub koob yees duab - ob lub koob yees duab uas ntes lub teeb nyob ze ntawm lub teeb infrared thiab ib qho uas ntes lub teeb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab infrared wavelengths.
Kev sib koom ua ke hauv cheeb tsam: Lub koob yees duab ua ke thiab spectrometer ntes cov duab nrog rau cov spectrum ntawm txhua pixel, qhia tias lub teeb hloov pauv li cas hauv kev pom.
Coronagraphs: Glare los ntawm cov hnub qub ci tuaj yeem thaiv lub teeb ci ntsa iab los ntawm cov ntiaj chaw thiab cov khib nyiab khib nyiab orbiting cov hnub qub.Coronographs yog lub voj voog uas tsis pom kev uas thaiv lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab thiab tso cai rau cov teeb meem tsis muaj zog dhau mus.
Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) / Ze Infrared Imager thiab Slitless Spectrometer (NIRISS): FGS yog lub koob yees duab taw qhia uas pab taw tes rau lub tsom iav kom raug.Nws tau ntim nrog NIRISS uas muaj lub koob yees duab thiab lub spectrometer uas tuaj yeem ntes ze cov duab infrared thiab spectra.
Ze Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSpec): Qhov tshwj xeeb spectrometer no tuaj yeem tau txais 100 spectra los ntawm ib qho ntawm microshutters.Qhov no yog thawj qhov chaw ntsuas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo spectral tsom xam ntawm ntau yam khoom ib txhij.
Nyob ze Infrared Lub Koob Yees Duab (NIRCam): Tsuas yog nyob ze ntawm lub ntsuas hluav taws xob nrog cov kab mob coronagraph, NIRCam yuav yog lub cuab yeej tseem ceeb rau kev kawm exoplanets uas nws lub teeb yuav tsis pom los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov hnub qub nyob ze.Nws yuav ntes high-resolution ze-infrared dluab thiab spectra.
Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI): Lub koob yees duab / spectrograph ua ke yog tib lub cuab yeej hauv JWST uas tuaj yeem pom lub teeb nruab nrab-infrared tawm los ntawm cov khoom txias dua xws li cov khib nyiab khib nyiab nyob ib puag ncig cov hnub qub thiab cov galaxies nyob deb heev.
Cov kws tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom hloov JWST cov ntaub ntawv nyoos rau hauv ib yam dab tsi uas tib neeg lub qhov muag tuaj yeem txaus siab, tab sis nws cov duab yog "tiag tiag," hais tias Alyssa Pagan, tus kws tshaj lij kev tshawb fawb pom ntawm lub Chaw Tso Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Science.“Qhov no puas yog qhov peb yuav pom yog tias peb nyob ntawd?Lo lus teb tsis yog, vim tias peb lub qhov muag tsis tau tsim los pom hauv infrared, thiab telescopes yog qhov rhiab heev rau lub teeb dua li peb lub qhov muag. "Lub koob yees duab nthuav dav ntawm kev pom tso cai rau peb pom cov khoom cosmic no ntau dua li qhov peb qhov muag tsis tshua muaj peev xwm.JWST tuaj yeem thaij duab siv txog li 27 cov ntxaij lim dej uas ntes ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov spectrum infrared.Cov kws tshawb fawb thawj zaug cais qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau cov duab muab thiab ntsuas qhov ci ntsa iab kom nthuav dav kom ntau li ntau tau.Tom qab ntawd lawv tau muab txhua qhov infrared lim ib xim nyob rau hauv qhov pom spectrum - qhov luv tshaj wavelengths ua xiav, thaum lub wavelengths ntev dhau los ua ntsuab thiab liab.Muab lawv ua ke thiab koj sab laug nrog qhov qub dawb tshuav, qhov sib piv thiab xim xim uas tus kws yees duab yuav ua.
Thaum cov duab xim puv yog mesmerizing, ntau qhov kev tshawb pom zoo siab tau ua ib lub wavelength ib zaug.Ntawm no, cov cuab yeej NIRSpec qhia ntau yam ntawm Tarantula Nebula los ntawm ntau yamlim.Piv txwv li, atomic hydrogen (xiav) radiates wavelengths los ntawm lub hnub qub nruab nrab thiab nws cov npuas nyob ib puag ncig.Nruab nrab ntawm lawv yog cov kab ntawm molecular hydrogen (ntsuab) thiab complex hydrocarbons (liab).Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhia tias lub hnub qub pawg nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub thav duab yog tshuab plua plav thiab roj rau lub hnub qub nruab nrab.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tau luam tawm thawj zaug hauv Scientific American 327, 6, 42-45 (Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2022) raws li "Behind the Pictures".
Jen Christiansen yog tus kws kho duab laus hauv Scientific American.Ua raws Christiansen ntawm Twitter @ChristiansenJen
yog Senior Editor for Space thiab Physics ntawm Scientific American.Nws kawm tiav bachelor's degree hauv astronomy thiab physics los ntawm Wesleyan University thiab kawm tiav qib siab hauv kev sau xov xwm science los ntawm University of California, Santa Cruz.Ua raws Moskowitz ntawm Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz.Diam duab courtesy ntawm Nick Higgins.
Tshawb nrhiav kev tshawb fawb uas hloov lub ntiaj teb.Tshawb nrhiav peb cov ntaub ntawv digital rov qab mus rau xyoo 1845, suav nrog cov khoom los ntawm ntau dua 150 Nobel laureates.