I ka wā o ka Great Ice Storm o 1998, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hau ma nā laina uila a me nā pou i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka ʻaoʻao hema o Kanada, e waiho ana i nā poʻe he nui i ke anu a me ka pōʻeleʻele no nā lā a i ʻole pule.Inā paha he makani makani, hale kiaʻi uila, drones a i ʻole nā ​​ʻēheu mokulele, hilinaʻi pinepine ka de-icing i nā ala e hoʻopau ai i ka manawa, pipiʻi a/a i hoʻohana nui i ka ikehu a me nā ʻano kemika.Akā i ka nānā ʻana i ke ʻano, manaʻo nā mea noiʻi o McGill ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi ala hou e hoʻoholo ai i ka pilikia.Ua hoʻoikaika ʻia lākou e nā ʻēheu o nā penguins gentoo e ʻau ana i nā wai hau o Antarctica, a ʻaʻole maloʻo ko lākou hulu inā ʻoi aku ka mahana o waho ma lalo o ka hau.
Ua noiʻi mua mākou i nā waiwai o nā lau lotus, maikaʻi loa i ka wehe ʻana i ka wai, akā ua ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi lākou i ka wehe ʻana i ka hau, "wahi a Ann Kitzig, ka mea e ʻimi nei i nā hoʻonā no kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi ʻumi makahiki a he kaukaʻi kōkua. .Kauka o ka ʻenekinia Kemika ma ke Kulanui ʻo McGill, Luna Hoʻokele o ka Laboratory for Biomimetic Surface Engineering: “ʻAʻole a hiki i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai mākou e noiʻi i nā waiwai o nā hulu penguin i ʻike mākou i kahi mea kūlohelohe e hoʻokahe i ka wai a me ka hau.”
ʻO kakiʻima ka ʻaoʻao hema e hōʻike ana i ka microstructure o kahi hulu penguin (kahi kokoke i kahi hoʻokomo 10 micron e pili ana i ka 1/10 o ka laula o ka lauoho kanaka e hāʻawi i ke ʻano o ka unahi).ʻO kēia mau lāʻau a me nā lālā ke kumu waena o nā hulu lālā..Hoʻohana ʻia nā "hooks" e hoʻohui i kēlā me kēia hulu manu e hana i kahi cushion.Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau he lole uea kuhili ʻole a ka poʻe noiʻi i hoʻonani ʻia me nā nanogrooves, e hoʻopuka hou ana i ka hierarchy o nā hale hulu penguin (uea me nā nanogrooves ma luna).
"Ua ʻike mākou ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho hierarchical o nā hulu ponoʻī e hāʻawi i nā waiwai hoʻokuʻu wai, a ʻo kā lākou ʻili serrated e hōʻemi i ka adhesion hau," wehewehe ʻo Michael Wood, kahi haumāna puka hope e hana pū ana me Kitzig a me kekahi o nā mea kākau o ka noiʻi.ʻatikala hou ma ACS Applied Material Interfaces."Ua hiki iā mākou ke hana hou i kēia mau hopena i hui pū ʻia me ka ʻoki ʻoki ʻia ʻana i ka uea uea laser."
Ua hoʻohui ʻo Kitzig: "Me he mea lā he counterintuitive, akā ʻo ke kī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka hau ʻo nā pores āpau i loko o ka mesh e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai ma lalo o nā kūlana hau.Paʻa ka wai i loko o ia mau pores, a i kona hoʻonui ʻana, hana ia i nā māwae, e like me ʻoe i loko o ka pahu hau.Ua like ia me ka mea i ʻike ʻia ma ka pā hau.Pono mākou e hoʻoikaika liʻiliʻi e wehe i ka hau mai kā mākou ʻupena no ka mea ʻo nā māwae o kēlā me kēia lua e hele aʻe ma ka ʻili o kēia mau uwea wili.
Ua hoʻāʻo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka ʻili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi kaila makani a ʻike ʻia he 95% ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana ma ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hau ma mua o ka uhi ʻole ʻia o nā ʻāpana kila kila.No ka mea ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka lāʻau kemika, hāʻawi ke ala hou i kahi hopena mālama ʻole i ka pilikia o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hau ma nā turbines makani, nā hale kiaʻi, nā laina mana a me nā drones.
"Ma muli o ka nui o nā hoʻoponopono mokulele mokulele a me nā pilikia e pili ana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili wale ʻia nā ʻēheu mokulele i ka mesh," i hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Kitzig."He hiki nō naʻe, i kekahi lā e loaʻa i ka ʻili o ka ʻēheu mokulele ke ʻano o kā mākou e aʻo nei, a ma muli o ka hana pū ʻana o nā hana de-icing kuʻuna ma luna o ka ʻēheu, e hana ʻia ka de-icing ma ka hui ʻana i nā ʻēheu penguin.hoʻoulu ʻia e ke ʻano o ka ʻili."
"ʻO nā mea pale anti-icing hilinaʻi e pili ana i nā hana ʻelua - microstructure-induced ice flaking with nanostructure-enhanced water repellency overlay", Michael J. Wood, Gregory Brock, Juliette Debre, Philippe Servio a me Anne-Marie Kitzig ma ACS Appl.alma mater.interface
ʻO ke Kulanui ʻo McGill, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1821 ma Montréal, Quebec, ʻo ia ka helu ʻekahi kulanui ma Kanada.Ua hoʻonohonoho mau ʻia ʻo McGill University ma waena o nā kula kiʻekiʻe ma ka ʻāina a me ka honua.He kula kaulana ʻo ia o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe me nā hana noiʻi e pili ana i ʻekolu mau pā kula, 11nā kulanui, 13 'oihana koleke, 300 haʻawina papahana a ma luna o 40,000 haumāna, me ka ma luna o 10,200 haumāna puka.Hoʻokomo ʻo McGill i nā haumāna mai 150 mau ʻāina, a ʻo kāna 12,800 mau haumāna honua he 31% o ka hui haumāna.ʻOi aku ma mua o ka hapalua o nā haumāna McGill e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole ka ʻōlelo Pelekania kā lākou ʻōlelo mua, a ma kahi o 19% o lākou e ʻōlelo nei i ka ʻōlelo Palani ko lākou ʻōlelo mua.