Wani tulun bututun ƙarfe masu haɗin gwiwa ya fito daga saman rufin, ya faɗi ƙasa, ya yi sama ya fita, ya zauna a dakatar da shi, kamar an rubuta shi cikin iska da ƙaton hannu.Wannan abin da ake kira "Chorro", ko kwarara, shi ne ainihin harshen ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na Jamus-Venezuelan Gego (1912-1994), wanda ba a san shi ba.karfeharshe.
Gego shine batun babban tafiye-tafiye na baya, Gego: Dimension of Infinity, wanda za a nuna shi a Museo Jumex a Mexico City har zuwa Fabrairu 2023. Za a ci gaba da nunin a watan Maris a gidan kayan tarihi na Solomon R. Guggenheim a New York kuma ya ƙare. a Guggenheim Museum a Bilbao.A halin yanzu, gidan yanar gizon LGDR da ke birnin Paris ya ƙaddamar da wani binciken fasaha mai suna Lines in Space.
Gego ya yi karatun gine-gine a Jamus.An haifi Gego a cikin dangin Yahudawa masu ci gaba, masu arziki a Hamburg.Ta fara yin fasaha ne kawai a 41, wanda abokin aikinta, mai zanen hoto da mai zane Gerd Leifert ya yi wahayi.Duk da jinkirin fara aikinta, ba da daɗewa ba ta yi shahararriyar sana'ar fasaha a ƙasar da ta karbe ta Venezuela, inda Gego ta sami mafaka bayan ta gudu daga mulkin Nazi a shekara ta 1939.
An ƙarfafa ta ta hanyar fasahar fina-finai na gida da zane-zane na geometric, ta gudanar da bita a cikin 1977 a Sofia Imber, Gidan Tarihi na Caracas na Art Contemporary Art.Har yanzu ana iya ganin ayyukanta na jama'a a cikin Caracas kuma ta koyar a Jami'ar Tsakiya ta Venezuela da Makarantar Zane ta Neumann Foundation.
Shigar Chorros a Barquisimeto Museum, 1985. Ladabi na LGDR, hoto na Tony Russell.
"Manufarmu ba kawai don siyarwa bane, amma don faɗaɗa masu sauraro da sanin Gego," in ji Emilio Steinberger, babban abokin tarayya a LGDR, wanda ya ƙaddamar da nunin nunin na Paris tare da abokin haɗin gwiwar gallery Dominique Levy.Wannan shi ne nuni na uku na aikin Gego tun lokacin da LGDR ta zama tashar kasuwanci ta farko ta duniya da ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da kadarorinta a cikin 2015.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci ga aikin shine sanin kai da ayyukan Gego.Steinberger ya kara da cewa: "Aiki ne na kade-kade, mafi daukaka da za a iya yaba shi a rayuwa ta hakika.""Irin wannan sassakawar waya ta ephemeral ba ta wanzu [a kan yanar gizo]."
An san Gego don fasaharta da ke da alaƙa da "fassara", ta ƙi kiran abubuwan da ta ƙirƙira, waɗanda ta yi imanin ba za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar kwatantawa ba.“Siffa uku na ƙaƙƙarfan kayan aiki.Kada abin da nake yi!"ta rubuta.
Don haka, cikin wasa tana bincika zaren a matsayin mahallin "mai cin gashin kansa", wanda ya samo asali daga gare tagine-gineda kuma aikin injiniya a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Stuttgart, inda ta kasance daya daga cikin na karshe a cikin "Night of Broken Glass" ko "Night of Crystals".Wani nune-nune a Kunstmuseum Stuttgart a farkon wannan shekara ya mayar da hankali kan tasirin fasahar fasaharta ga yaren gani na musamman.
“An koyar da ni a matsayin mai zane-zane don zana layi tare da ma'anar ma'ana mai ma'ana ko sarari, a matsayin alamomin iyaka waɗanda ba su taɓa rayuwa ta kansu ba.Shekaru da yawa bayan haka, na gano fara'a na layin da kansu, ”in ji ta."Wani lokaci layi a tsakiya yana da mahimmanci kamar layin kanta."
Gego yana aiki akan shigarwa na Chorros a Barquisimeto Museum, 1985. Ladabi na LGDR, hoto na Tony Russell.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a nunin na Paris shine "Chorro" mai 'yanci wanda Gego ya fara samarwa a cikin 1979, ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan 15.Wanda daga baya ta ƙara sabbin nau'ikanta na "Reticulárea" (ma'ana "yankunan cibiyar sadarwa"), wanda ya ƙunshi tsarin raga mai kusurwa uku wanda ya ƙunshi siraran wayoyi ko sanduna na bakin ciki a cikin tarunan tarun geometries daban-daban."Grid zones" na iya buɗewa da cika daki kamar taurarin taurari, ko faɗuwa kamar kaset.Ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, kwayoyin halitta, masu rauni da sararin samaniya saboda kuzarin karfe ne masu girgiza a sararin samaniya.Ba kamar cibiyoyin sadarwa ba, ba su da ainihin cibiya, farkon, ƙarshe, ko bayyanannen ma'anar.
Godiya a wani bangare ga, kamar yadda ta ce, aikinta ya kasance "na tushen yi" da "ƙirƙira don nishaɗi," Gego tana ƙoƙarin gujewa nau'ikan fasaha da abubuwan da suka faru.Daga 1950s zuwa 1980s, ta shiga tsakani da ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka yi cajin fasahar fasahar Kudancin Amurka amma ta tsallake su.Waɗannan sun haɗa da fasahar motsa jiki, waɗanda ke fasalta ƙawayenta da suka haɗa da Jesús Rafael Soto da Carlos Cruz-Diez, da ƙayyadaddun lissafi na Alejandro Otero, da kuma ƙungiyoyin ƙwaƙƙwaran fasaha na yanki.
"A wani lokaci ta kasance mai fushi sosai kuma tana iya zama wani abu," in ji jikanta Esther Crespin Gunz a wurin bude LGDR, wanda a sauƙaƙe gane shi saboda kamannin iyali.Mai gabatarwa, Gego ba kasafai take tattauna fasaharta tare da danginta ba kuma yawanci ta fi son yin aiki da kanta, kodayake sabon bincike daga gidan tarihi na Stuttgart na Art ya nuna cewa ta hada kai da wasu masu fasaha, gami da ’yar rawa ta Venezuela da mawaƙa Sonya Sonoha.
"Lokacin da ta gano bakin cikikarfewaya, za ta iya yin aiki da kanta kuma ta kasance mai saurin kai tsaye daga farko har zuwa ƙarshe saboda ba ta buƙatar wani ya gano abin da take yi, "in ji Crespin, masanin gine-gine kuma ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa.Fondación Gego a Caracas, wanda aka kirkira bayan mutuwar mai zane.(Wani jikan shi ne mai zanen Elias Crespin.) Akasin haka, manyan ayyukan jama'a da sifofin sassaka na farko na layi daya da aka yi daga sandunan ƙarfe masu nauyi suna buƙatar taimakon ƙwararrun masu sana'a.
Gego tana aiki ita kaɗai ko kuma ta ɗauki ɗalibi don taimakawa tare da manyan ayyukan 3D, amma yawancin zanenta da launukan ruwa akan takarda ana yin su ne a cikin keɓe ɗakin studio, ɗan Gego Thomas Gunz ya gaya wa Artnet News ta wayar tarho tare da Say.Yawancin waɗannan ayyukan an haɗa su a cikin nune-nunen na Paris da kuma abubuwan da suka faru na balaguro.Sauran ayyukan da aka nuna sun haɗa da m "Dibujo sin papel" [zane ba tare da takarda ba], raga-raga da sauran nau'o'i, littattafai, kwafi, "Bichos" (kananan dabbobi ko beetles), aikin layi daya, da kuma daga baya "Tejeduras" ( braids. ).).
Ko da yake Guntz ya san irin ƙwazon mahaifiyarsa da kuma yin bikin yin aiki a Venezuela, ya ce "mun fara fahimtar dacewar aikinta ne bayan mutuwarta, lokacin da Gidan Tarihi na Fine Arts a Houston ya gudanar da baje kolin solo na farko na duniya [a cikin 2002] .
"Duk da ƙoƙarin da wasu ƴan zaɓaɓɓun malamai da masu kula da su suka yi a cikin shekaru ashirin da suka gabata don tabbatar da matsayin Gego a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin zamani, ta kasance a ɓoye a cikin Amurka," in ji Pablo Leon, masanin Latin de la Barra.ya rubuta.Art American a Gidan kayan tarihi na Guggenheim a New York, da abokin aikin Janine Gutiérrez-Guimaraes, a cikin imel zuwa Labaran Artnet.Dukansu sun taimaka wajen haɓaka abin da ke faruwa a halin yanzu, wanda ke da nufin haɓaka "babban fahimta da godiya ga aikin [Gego's] a cikin mahallin zamani na 20th."Ramps a cikin rotunda yana haskaka tattaunawar Gego tare da sauran masu yin halitta da jama'a.
Bayanin Gego ya tashi da gaske tare da balaguron balaguron kasa da kasa a nunin 2002 na Houston MFA, wanda Museo de Bellas Artes de Caracas ya shirya, kuma wani babban mataki shine babban nunin farko a 2013 a Kunsthalle Kunsthalle a Hamburg, Jamus.Yana ci gaba a Gidan Tarihi na Art a Stuttgart da Cibiyar Henry Moore a Leeds, UK.
Nunin a Hamburg “Gego.Layin a matsayin abu "ya zama mafari ga fahimtar aikinta a Turai, kuma ga mutane da yawa ya buɗe idanu," in ji Brigitte Kölle, mai kula da baje kolin, "amma akwai sauran abubuwa da yawa a gaba. ”
A wancan lokacin, gidan kayan gargajiya ya kuma yi nuni da irin wannan baje kolin mai zane Eva Hesse, wacce ita ma ta gudu daga Hamburg a cikin jirgin kasa na yara dauke da yaran Yahudawa.
Kelle ta ce ba ta tunanin yahudanci na Gego ya ba da gudummawar jinkirin da ta yi a Jamus, tana mai cewa tun a shekarun 1990, masu bincike sun fi neman bayanai game da masu fasahar Yahudawan Jamus 'yan gudun hijira daga yakin duniya na biyu.Duk da haka, "akwai kuma wani matakin kunya," in ji ta.Baje kolin na 2013 ya kuma ƙunshi allunan tunawa da Gego, wanda wani jami'in birni ya girka a tsohon gidanta.
Gego yana aiki akan shigarwa na Chorros a Barquisimeto Museum, 1985. Ladabi na LGDR, hoto na Tony Russell.
Iyalin Goldschmidt suna gudanar da bankin J. Goldschmidt Sohn tun 1815. Gego, na shida cikin yara bakwai, shine na ƙarshe da ya bar gidan villa a Hamburg.Ta yanke shawarar jira har sai ta kammala digiri a matsayin mai zane-zane, ta ba da gudummawar kayan aikin gidan ga sadaka a minti na karshe, ta kulle ƙofar gida, ta jefa maɓalli a cikin Ulster River.
"Idan muka waiwaya baya, yana da haɗari [zama tsawon haka].Hadarin iri daya ne a Venezuela, da kyar da sanin inda yake akan taswirar, "in ji Gunz."Wani ya zama na ƙarshe."
An ba Gego izinin shiga Venezuela daga Burtaniya, inda danginta na kusa suka sami mafaka na wucin gadi.A Venezuela, a matsayinta na mace da baƙo, ta yi ƙoƙari ta sami aikin gine-gine kuma ta auri Ernst Gunz a shekara ta 1940. Tare suka buɗe ɗakin zane na katako na katako.Ma'auratan sun haifi 'ya'ya biyu, Thomas da Barbara.A 1951 sun rabu kuma Gego ta sadu da abokin rayuwarta Gerd Leifert.
An gano marigayi Gego a Arewacin Amurka da Turai saboda kasancewarta ’yar wasan kwaikwayo ce ta Latin Amurka wacce, ba kamar wasu sanannun takwarorinta ba a fagen siyasar Venezuelan, ta zaɓi zama a Caracas maimakon biyan kuɗi.lokaci a manyan biranen fasaha kamar Paris ko New York.Rashin wakilcin babban gidan tallan kasuwanci wani lamari ne.
LGDR ya ajiye aikin Gego a cibiyoyi irin su gidan kayan gargajiya na San Francisco na zamani da gidan kayan tarihi na Guggenheim a Abu Dhabi, kuma ya ce ya haifar da sha'awa daga gidajen tarihi da yawa, musamman tunda mai zanen yana da wasu manyan ayyuka da zai sayar.Farashin etchings ya tashi daga $20,000, yana aiki akan takarda $50,000 zuwa $100,000, kuma yawancin yana aiki $250,000.An sayar da Chorro mai zaman kansa akan dala miliyan 1.5 kawai.
Gego ya yi ɗan gajeren lokaci a Amurka.A cikin shekarun 60s ta yi aiki a Cibiyar Pratt da ke New York, sannan ta yi karatun koyarwa a Jami'ar California da ke Berkeley da zane-zane a ɗakin studio na Lithographic Tamarind a Los Angeles.A cikin 1965, Gidan Tarihi na Fasaha na Zamani a New York ya baje kolin kuma ya sayi grid ɗinta na Esfera (Spheres), kuma a cikin 1971 ta nuna jerin abubuwanta na Los Chorros a cikin nunin solo a Betty Parsons Gallery a New York.
"Da ta dade, kamar sauran masu fasaha na Latin Amurka da suka koma Amurka, da ta samu karin karbuwa," in ji danta.“Amma wannan ba shine burinta ba a lokacin.Venezuela tana raye sosai (dangane da) rayuwar fasaha har ta yi tunanin hakan yana faruwa a can. "Ya kara da cewa: "Ba ta son zama sananne."
Wannan yana iya zama gaskiya, amma Esther jikan Gego kuma tana mamakin ko duniya tana buƙatar ƙarin lokaci don cim ma Gego."Wataƙila ba mu shirye mu koyi aikinta ba sai yanzu," in ji ta.
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